How to perform ACID operations in MySQL database using Go language

With the rapid development of the Internet and digitization, the formation and processing of various big data have become one of the most important things at the moment. In data processing, relational databases play an important role. As one of the most popular relational databases currently, MySQL is often used in big data processing. ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) is the most basic transaction processing feature in relational databases, and it is also the principle that must be followed when performing any operation on data. This article will introduce how to use Go language to perform ACID operations in MySQL database.

1. Install required packages

Before starting to use Go language for MySQL database operations, we need to install some necessary packages. The most common is the mysql driver, which can be installed using the following command

go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

If you are using the Gorm framework for MySQL development, you need to install the following packages

go get -u github.com/jinzhu/gorm
go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

2. Connect to the database

Before using Go language to perform MySQL database operations, we need to connect to the MySQL database. The following is a sample code to connect to the MySQL database.

import (
  "database/sql"
  _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main(){
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database_name")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
}

This is the most basic example connection code. Among them, mysql is the name of the driver; root:password is the user name and password; 127.0.0.1:3306 is the server address and port number; database_name is the name of the database to be connected. When using the connection process, you also need to use some other parameters, such as connection timeout, etc. Specific parameters can be changed by consulting the relevant documentation.

3. Transaction operation

Transaction operation refers to a series of operations in the database, which will be applied to the database only after they are all successfully executed. In Go, you can use the Tx of the sql package to perform transaction operations. The following is an example of a basic transaction operation.

import (
  "database/sql"
  "fmt"
  _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main(){
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database_name")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    tx, err := db.Begin()
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
    }

    _, err = tx.Exec("INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (?, ?)", value1, value2)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        tx.Rollback()
    } else {
        _, err = tx.Exec("UPDATE table_name SET column1 = ? WHERE column2 = ?", value1, value2)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
            tx.Rollback()
        } else {
            tx.Commit()
        }
    }
}

This is a basic transaction operation example. Two operations are performed in this program: the first is to insert data, and the second is to update data. If both operations execute successfully, the transaction is committed. If one of the operations fails, the transaction will be rolled back and all changes will be undone.

4. Isolation level

When performing transaction operations, we need to consider the isolation level. MySQL divides the isolation level into four levels: uncommitted read (read uncommitted), committed read (read committed), repeatable read (repeatable read) and serializable (serializable). The isolation level used by default is Repeatable Read. When we use transactions, we can use the DB.Transaction() method to specify the isolation level. The following is an example:

func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/database_name")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    txOptions := &sql.TxOptions{
        Isolation: sql.LevelSerializable,
    }
    tx, err := db.BeginTx(context.Background(), txOptions)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
}

In this example, we selected the Serializable level isolation level. If you need to modify the isolation level, just change LevelSerializable.

5. Summary

In this article, we introduced how to use Go language to perform ACID operations in the MySQL database, including connecting to the database, transaction operations, and isolation levels. In order to ensure the correctness of the code, we must follow the ACID guidelines to ensure that the data is saved correctly when abnormal conditions occur. At the same time, we must also learn how to use isolation levels to determine the consistency and reliability of the database.

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