Write efficient multi-threaded programs using Go language

With the continuous upgrading of computer hardware, the era of single-core CPU has passed. Nowadays, both laptops and desktop computers can use multi-core CPUs to handle tasks. Multithreaded programming has become an essential skill. In this article, I will introduce how to write efficient multi-threaded programs using Go language.

Go language is an open source programming language developed by Google. It combines the advantages of statically typed languages ​​and dynamically typed languages. One of its core features is concurrent programming. The Go language provides built-in goroutines and channels to achieve concurrency. These features make the Go language very suitable for writing multi-threaded programs.

Here are some tips for writing efficient multi-threaded programs using Go language:

1. Using goroutines

goroutines in Go language are lightweight Threads can be executed concurrently within the same process. Using goroutines makes it easy to write efficient concurrent programs. Just add the keyword go before the function to run the function as a goroutine.

For example:

func myFunc() {
    // do something
}

go myFunc()

2. Control goroutines

When writing concurrent programs, we need to pay attention to how to control goroutines. If we start too many goroutines at the same time, the system will crash. Therefore, we must control the number of concurrency. One way is to use sync.WaitGroup, which allows us to wait for all goroutines to complete.

For example:

func myFunc(wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
    // do something
    wg.Done()
}

func main() {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go myFunc(&wg)
    }
    wg.Wait()
}

3. Using channels

Channels in the Go language are a mechanism for communication between goroutines. They can be used to pass data and synchronize goroutines. Using channels can avoid data competition and deadlock problems.

For example:

func myFunc(ch chan string) {
    // do something
    ch <- "done"
}

func main() {
    ch := make(chan string)
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        go myFunc(ch)
    }
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        <-ch
    }
    close(ch)
}

4. Avoid shared state

Multi-threaded programming requires special attention to shared state issues. Try to avoid shared state, and if you must use it, use locks or other synchronization mechanisms to ensure thread safety.

For example:

type myStruct struct {
    mu    sync.Mutex
    count int
}

func (s *myStruct) increment() {
    s.mu.Lock()
    s.count++
    s.mu.Unlock()
}

func (s *myStruct) getCount() int {
    s.mu.Lock()
    defer s.mu.Unlock()
    return s.count
}

5. Using a pool

When writing multi-threaded programs, we often need to repeatedly create and destroy objects. Doing so consumes a lot of system resources and time. Using a pool allows you to cache objects and reuse them, which can greatly improve the performance of your program.

For example:

var bufPool = sync.Pool{
    New: func() interface{} {
        return new(bytes.Buffer)
    },
}

func myFunc() {
    buf := bufPool.Get().(*bytes.Buffer)
    defer bufPool.Put(buf)
    // do something with buffer
}

Through the above techniques, you can use the Go language to write efficient multi-threaded programs, make full use of hardware resources, and improve the performance and efficiency of the program.

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