Operators and flow control statements in Java

Java is a high-level programming language that is widely used in software development, server-side programming, Web applications, etc. In Java programming, operators and flow control statements are very important basic knowledge points. This article will introduce the basic concepts and usage of operators and flow control statements in Java.

1. Operators

Operators in Java can be divided into arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, bitwise operators, assignment operators, etc.

1. Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, remainder (modulo), auto-increment and auto-decrement. The symbols are , -, *, /, %, and --. The increment operator means adding 1 to the value of the variable, and the decrement operator means decrementing the value of the variable by 1.

2. Relational operators

Relational operators are used to compare whether two values ​​are equal or have a size relationship. Common relational operators include equal, not equal, greater than, less than, greater than or equal to, and less than or equal to. The symbols are ==, !=, >, <, >= and <=.

3. Logical operators

Logical operators are operators used to perform logical operations on two or more Boolean values ​​(true/false). Common logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT. The symbols are &&, || and ! .

4. Bit operators

Bit operators are operators used to operate on binary numbers. Common bitwise operators include bitwise AND, bitwise OR, bitwise XOR, left shift and right shift. The symbols are &, |, ^, << and >>.

5. Assignment operator

The assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable. Its symbol is =. There are also special assignment operators, such as =, -=, *=, /=, %=, <<=, >>=, &=, |=, and ^=.

2. Process control statements

In order to control the flow of code execution, Java provides a variety of process control statements, including conditional statements, loop statements, and branch statements.

1. Conditional statements

Conditional statements are used to perform different operations based on different conditions. Conditional statements in Java mainly include if-else statements and switch-case statements. The if-else statement determines whether to execute a certain code block based on the value of a Boolean expression; the switch-case statement executes the corresponding code block based on the value of a variable.

2. Loop statement

The loop statement can repeatedly execute a section of code until a certain condition is met before exiting the loop. There are three main types of loop statements in Java: while, do-while and for. The while and do-while statements determine whether to exit the loop based on the value of a certain Boolean expression; the for statement controls the execution of the loop by specifying the initial value of the loop variable, the termination condition, and the change pattern of the loop variable.

3. Branch statement

Branch statements are used to execute different code blocks based on a certain condition. There are three types of branch statements in Java, namely break, continue and return. The break statement can end the loop or switch statement; the continue statement can skip a certain code block in the loop; the return statement is used to end function execution and return a value.

3. Summary

Operators and flow control statements are very important basic knowledge in the Java language. Understanding and mastering the use of operators and flow control statements is very necessary for the learning and practice of Java programming. In actual development, we can choose appropriate operators and flow control statements according to specific needs to optimize the function and efficiency of the code.

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