Automatic database backup skills in MySQL

MySQL is a common relational database management system. Backing up the database is the key to ensuring data reliability and security. In daily production environments, the demand for database backup is increasing day by day, and automated backup techniques can improve backup efficiency and reduce administrator workload. This article will introduce some automatic database backup techniques in MySQL.

1. Use MySQL’s built-in mysqldump command to back up data

mysqldump is a commonly used backup tool in MySQL. This command can back up the entire database, a single table or multiple tables, and can set parameters during backup to achieve scheduled backup. Since the mysqldump command is run on the MySQL server, the backup speed is relatively faster and more reliable.

2. Use the crontab tool to back up data regularly

crontab is a task timing management tool in the Linux operating system. Using crontab, you can execute commands or scripts at scheduled times, and you can easily implement automatic backup of the MySQL database. The administrator only needs to set parameters such as backup command, backup time and backup path.

For example, the administrator can regularly execute the mysqldump command in crontab at 2 am every day to back up the database, and save the backup file in the specified path. For the specific implementation process, please refer to the following command:

# 编辑crontab
crontab -e

# 在crontab中添加以下定时任务
0 2 * * * mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --single-transaction --routines --triggers test_db  > /backup/test_db_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql

In this command, the administrator backs up the test_db database each time and stores the backup file in the /backup path. The backup file is named using date naming, such as test_db_backup_20220122. sql.

3. Use shell scripts to automatically back up data

In addition to using the mysqldump and crontab commands, administrators can also use shell scripts to automatically back up the MySQL database. Shell scripts can implement more flexible backup methods and more detailed backup records. Administrators only need to write a backup script and execute the script regularly to achieve automatic backup.

For example, the administrator can write a script named db_backup.sh to back up the test_db database. The content of the script is as follows:

#!/bin/bash
# 备份目录
BACKUP_DIR=/backup
# MySQL账号及密码
MYSQL_USER=root
MYSQL_PASSWORD=123456
# 备份文件名
BACKUP_FILE=test_db_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql

# 备份命令
mysqldump -u${MYSQL_USER} -p${MYSQL_PASSWORD} --single-transaction --routines --triggers test_db > ${BACKUP_DIR}/${BACKUP_FILE}

# 记录备份日志
echo "$(date +%Y%m%d) database backup completed." >> ${BACKUP_DIR}/backup.log

# 删除过期的备份文件
find ${BACKUP_DIR} -mtime +7 -name "test_db_backup_*.sql" -exec rm -rf {} ;

The variables BACKUP_DIR in the script represent the backup file storage path, MYSQL_USER and MYSQL_PASSWORD The variables represent the MySQL account and password, and the BACKUP_FILE variable represents the backup file name. The mysqldump command performs a backup and stores the backup file in the specified path. After the backup is completed, the script will record the backup log and delete the backup files older than 7 days.

4. Use third-party backup tools

In addition to MySQL’s built-in backup commands and the crontab tool of Linux systems, administrators can also use third-party backup tools, such as Percona XtraBackup and MySQL Enterprise Backup wait. These tools provide more efficient and stable backup technology, allowing for more secure automated backup in production environments.

In short, MySQL database automatic backup techniques include both traditional command backup methods and more flexible backup methods with the help of scheduled task tools and scripts. At the same time, third-party backup tools also provide new ideas and options for backup management. Administrators need to choose appropriate backup technology based on the different needs of the production environment and data security requirements, and use backup management tools rationally to protect data security.

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