PHP development: Using design patterns to separate database reading and writing

MySQL database is one of the most commonly used tools for developing web applications. While MySQL excels at data management, it encounters problems when handling the high workloads of large-scale web applications. In order to solve this problem, database read and write separation can be achieved.

Database read-write separation is a data architecture strategy that allocates read and write operations to different databases. Through this technology, the efficiency and scalability of data storage can be improved. Read-write separation is performed by allocating read operations to one or more read-only MySQL instances, and allocating write operations to a write-only MySQL instance. In practical applications, the load balance of read operations can be distributed to multiple read-only MySQL instances to improve read efficiency and performance.

Design patterns are a "best practice" approach to solving common problems. Leveraging design patterns can simplify the development of an application and improve its maintainability. The following are the steps on how to use design patterns to separate database reading and writing:

Step 1: Separate read/write operations

In traditional MySQL applications, read and write operations are performed by the same database implement. To achieve database read and write separation, we need to separate these operations and distribute them to different MySQL instances. To do this, we can use the singleton pattern to create an object in the read and write instances. Create a singleton class, such as DBConnector, to connect to the database. When this class is instantiated, it will automatically connect to the specified database.

The first instance is the MySQL master server, also known as the write server. This instance is responsible for performing all write operations. The second instance is a MySQL slave, also known as a read-only database, and is used to perform all read operations. They connect to MySQL via PHP.

Step 2: Use factory pattern to create instances

By using factory pattern, you can better manage instances and ensure that they are connected correctly. For some PHP developers, the factory pattern may not be very clear. It is basically a class whose responsibility is to create an object of a specific type as required. To accomplish this task, the factory must know how to instantiate the required object and provide it to the client as a return value.

It may be simpler to use a factory class for instantiation. Through factory class we can get objects from singleton class and use them for read/write operations.

Step 3: Use the strategy pattern

The strategy pattern is a design pattern that separates responsibilities. In e-commerce websites, the strategy model can provide users with different payment options such as pickup, express delivery and cash on delivery. This is done by different strategy classes in the client code. For the implementation of read-write separation, a similar idea can be used: allow the client to choose how to connect to the database through reading or writing. In client code, read and write strategies can be part of the API. When a request reaches the server, the policy in the API determines whether to use a read-write server or a read-only server.

Using the above steps, we can successfully achieve database read and write separation. This approach not only improves application performance but also reduces single points of failure, making the application more robust.

Before using design patterns to achieve database read-write separation, we must first understand the principles and purposes of design patterns. Although there are many benefits to using design patterns, you must be careful not to use too many design patterns, otherwise it will affect the readability and maintainability of the code.

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