Swoole Advanced: How to Design Data Cache Efficiently

With the rapid development of mobile Internet, more and more applications need to support high concurrency and low latency business requirements. Programmers need to give full play to extreme performance, and Swoole, as PHP's high-performance network communication engine, is It is a powerful tool to solve this problem. In the application of Swoole, data cache design is a very important part. This article will introduce in detail how to design Swoole data cache efficiently.

1. Choose the appropriate caching tool

When designing data caching, you first need to choose the appropriate caching tool. Currently, common caching tools include Redis, Memcached, Swoole Table, etc. Among them, Redis and Memcached are relatively mature caching tools, while Swoole Table is Swoole's own memory table with excellent performance. For different business scenarios, you need to choose different caching tools.

1. Redis

Redis is a persistent memory data structure storage, especially suitable for high-concurrency, low-latency application scenarios. It supports a variety of data structures, such as strings, hash tables, ordered sets and lists, etc., and provides a publish/subscribe based messaging mechanism that can easily implement the function of a message queue. In the Swoole application, we can take advantage of its efficient reading and writing speed to implement data cache design.

2. Memcached

Memcached is a distributed memory object caching system that can be used to accelerate dynamic web applications and reduce database load. The tool supports multiple operating systems, fast reading and writing speeds, interacts with multiple languages, hash data types, and other advantages. In the Swoole application, we can take advantage of its ability to quickly read data to improve application performance and user experience.

3. Swoole Table

Swoole Table is Swoole’s built-in memory table that can cache large amounts of data. It supports read and write operations in a multi-threaded environment, has efficient memory management and fast read and write speeds, so it is very advantageous to use it for data cache design in Swoole applications.

2. Consider the issue of cache expiration

When designing data cache, in addition to choosing the appropriate caching tool, you also need to consider the issue of cache expiration. If the expiration time is too long, the data will not be updated in time. If the expiration time is too short, it will cause unnecessary cache updates and reduce the performance of the application. Therefore, it is necessary to set an appropriate expiration time based on specific business conditions.

In Swoole, you can use a timer to implement the cache expiration function. The following is a sample code, see the comments for specific instructions.

$table = new SwooleTable(1024); // 新建内存表
$table->column('data', SwooleTable::TYPE_STRING, 1024); // 添加数据列
$table->column('expire_time', SwooleTable::TYPE_INT, 4); // 添加过期时间列
$table->create(); // 创建内存表

// 设置缓存并加入过期时间
function setCache($key, $value, $expire_time) {
    global $table;
    $table->set($key, [
        'data' => $value,
        'expire_time' => time() + $expire_time // 当前时间加上过期时间得到过期时间戳
    ]);
    // 设置定时器，到达过期时间时删除缓存
    swoole_timer_after($expire_time * 1000, function() use($key) {
        global $table;
        $table->del($key);
    });
}

// 获取缓存
function getCache($key) {
    global $table;
    $data = $table->get($key);
    if ($data && $data['expire_time'] > time()) {
        return $data['data']; // 数据未过期，返回缓存数据
    } else {
        $table->del($key); // 过期或不存在，删除缓存数据
        return false;
    }
}

3. Use asynchronous IO technology to improve performance

In Swoole applications, we can use asynchronous IO technology to improve application performance. Asynchronous IO can process multiple IO requests in a single thread in parallel, improving the concurrency and performance of the entire system. For data that requires frequent access, we can use asynchronous IO technology to reduce IO waiting time and improve application response speed and performance.

4. Use Swoole’s own coroutine features

As a fully asynchronous, high-performance network communication engine, Swoole has excellent coroutine features. In Swoole, you can use coroutines to implement some common concurrent operations, such as database operations, HTTP requests, etc. Compared with traditional multi-thread or multi-process models, coroutine switching overhead is very small and does not require complex synchronization and communication mechanisms. Therefore, we can use Swoole's coroutine feature to improve the efficiency and performance of data cache design.

5. Summary

Data caching design is a very important part of Swoole application. It is necessary to select appropriate caching tools according to specific business conditions, and consider cache expiration, asynchronous IO and coroutines, etc. issues to improve application performance and user experience. In practice, continuous attempts and optimization are required to achieve the best results and performance.

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