Swoole practice: How to build a scalable RPC concurrency architecture

With the rapid development of Internet technology, front-end and back-end architectures have become increasingly large and complex. In this context, RPC has become a very important technology that can enable fast and stable communication between applications in different languages ​​or different systems.

However, when the application scale becomes larger and larger and the number of connections increases, RPC also faces many new challenges. In this case, Swoole, as a high-performance PHP framework, can help developers build efficient RPC concurrency architecture.

This article will introduce how to use Swoole to build a scalable RPC concurrency architecture. The following are the specific steps:

1. First understand the working principle and advantages of RPC

RPC (Remote Procedure Call), that is, remote procedure call, allows programs in different systems or different languages ​​to communicate quickly and implement distributed services. The advantages of RPC include:

• Simplicity: RPC enables programmers to efficiently develop client and server code, and the code is language-independent
• Transparency: RPC can Make calls to distributed systems transparent, and the code between the client and server looks like they are running in the same process
• Efficiency: RPC can transmit a small amount of data through the network, making the client and server End-to-end interaction becomes efficient
• Scalability: RPC can quickly iterate and upgrade based on business upgrades and changes in data table structure

2. Use Swoole to build an RPC server

Swoole itself provides the Server class, which can be used to build a high-performance RPC server. The following is a simple example:

<?php
use SwooleServer;

$serv = new Server("127.0.0.1", 9501);

$serv->on('connect', function ($serv, $fd) {
    echo "Client: Connect.
";
});

$serv->on('receive', function ($serv, $fd, $from_id, $data) {
    $serv->send($fd, 'Server says: ' . $data);
});

$serv->on('close', function ($serv, $fd) {
    echo "Client: Close.
";
});

$serv->start();

In the above example, we created a Server class instance and set the listening IP to localhost and the port to 9501. Swoole provides the on function that can use anonymous functions or callbacks to trigger custom events. Specific events include:

• connect: connection event
• receive: event triggered when client data is received
• close: event when disconnected

The above example implements a TCP server, and whenever the client sends data, it will return the data intact to the client. This is a very simple example, but shows how to quickly create an RPC server using Swoole.

3. Use the coroutine and coroutine scheduler provided by Swoole to optimize RPC concurrency performance

Swoole provides a built-in coroutine implementation, which means that Swoole's coroutine implementation can be used Asynchronous I/O operations, thereby improving the concurrency performance of the RPC server. In the Swoole coroutine, coroutine switching will not be caused by blocking I/O, which means that we can simply put I/O operations in the coroutine to ensure the efficiency of the system.

The following is an example of using Swoole coroutine:

<?php
use SwooleCoroutine;

Coroutine::create(function () {
    $cli = new CoroutineClient(SWOOLE_TCP);
    $cli->connect("127.0.0.1", 9501);
    $cli->send("hello world
");
    echo $cli->recv();
    $cli->close();
});

In the above example, we created a coroutine and used Swoole's coroutine module to implement an RPC client. . This client connects to the RPC server we created earlier and sends data to it. After receiving the reply from the server, he outputs the result to the console.

4. Use the RPC framework to register and discover RPC services

Although Swoole provides better coroutine support, it does not provide a mature RPC framework itself. Therefore, we need to choose a mature RPC framework to register and discover RPC services.

We can use Guzzle, the PHP HTTP client, to call the RPC service. At the same time, for convenience, we can use Consul to register and discover services.

5. Achieve load balancing on the client side

In order to improve the availability and performance of the system, we need to perform load balancing on the RPC client. You can use Swoole's process to develop a load balancer. Because Swoole's process model can handle multi-process processing very conveniently, a scalable load balancer can be easily implemented.

Summary

This article introduces how to use Swoole to build a scalable RPC concurrency architecture. By using the features of Server, coroutine, RPC framework and load balancing provided by Swoole, it can help development Build high-performance RPC services. However, it should be noted that this architecture is not a silver bullet and still needs to be adjusted and optimized according to specific business needs.

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