News on June 11, Debian is one of the oldest GNU/Linux distributions and is the basis for many other Linux-based operating systems, including Ubuntu, Kali, MX, and Raspberry Pi OS. The operating system focuses on stability rather than pursuing cool features, so it generally takes a long time to release new versions. After nearly 20 months of development, the Debian 12 "bookworm" is finally released today.
Debian 12 brings thousands of new and updated software packages, supporting multiple desktop environments and processor architectures (including 32-bit and 64-bit PC, ARM , MIPS and PowerPC). But one of the biggest changes is the upgrade of the Linux kernel from version 5.10 to version 6.1 LTS (with updated drivers, support for new hardware, and long-term support until at least December 2026).
Another big change is the new non-free firmware repository, which makes it easier to install Debian on some systems that may not be fully compatible with only free and open source firmware, without having to provide two different ISO image file. Starting with Debian 12, ISO files contain free and non-free firmware by default. Users using non-free firmware and upgrading from Debian 11 should add the new non-free firmware repository to their APT source list.
Some other changes include the reintroduction of secure boot on ARM64 systems, support for reading and writing APFS files (IT Home Note: Apple File System), new artwork, and new versions of desktop environments, including Gnome 43, KDE Plasma 5.27, LXDE 11, LXQt 1.2.0, MATE 1.26 and Xfce 4.18.
The above is the detailed content of Debian 12 released: Linux kernel upgrade 6.1. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

NGINX and Apache are both powerful web servers, each with unique advantages and disadvantages in terms of performance, scalability and efficiency. 1) NGINX performs well when handling static content and reverse proxying, suitable for high concurrency scenarios. 2) Apache performs better when processing dynamic content and is suitable for projects that require rich module support. The selection of a server should be decided based on project requirements and scenarios.

NGINX is suitable for handling high concurrent requests, while Apache is suitable for scenarios where complex configurations and functional extensions are required. 1.NGINX adopts an event-driven, non-blocking architecture, and is suitable for high concurrency environments. 2. Apache adopts process or thread model to provide a rich module ecosystem that is suitable for complex configuration needs.

NGINX can be used to improve website performance, security, and scalability. 1) As a reverse proxy and load balancer, NGINX can optimize back-end services and share traffic. 2) Through event-driven and asynchronous architecture, NGINX efficiently handles high concurrent connections. 3) Configuration files allow flexible definition of rules, such as static file service and load balancing. 4) Optimization suggestions include enabling Gzip compression, using cache and tuning the worker process.

NGINXUnit supports multiple programming languages and is implemented through modular design. 1. Loading language module: Load the corresponding module according to the configuration file. 2. Application startup: Execute application code when the calling language runs. 3. Request processing: forward the request to the application instance. 4. Response return: Return the processed response to the client.

NGINX and Apache have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different scenarios. 1.NGINX is suitable for high concurrency and low resource consumption scenarios. 2. Apache is suitable for scenarios where complex configurations and rich modules are required. By comparing their core features, performance differences, and best practices, you can help you choose the server software that best suits your needs.

Question: How to start Nginx? Answer: Install Nginx Startup Nginx Verification Nginx Is Nginx Started Explore other startup options Automatically start Nginx

How to confirm whether Nginx is started: 1. Use the command line: systemctl status nginx (Linux/Unix), netstat -ano | findstr 80 (Windows); 2. Check whether port 80 is open; 3. Check the Nginx startup message in the system log; 4. Use third-party tools, such as Nagios, Zabbix, and Icinga.

To shut down the Nginx service, follow these steps: Determine the installation type: Red Hat/CentOS (systemctl status nginx) or Debian/Ubuntu (service nginx status) Stop the service: Red Hat/CentOS (systemctl stop nginx) or Debian/Ubuntu (service nginx stop) Disable automatic startup (optional): Red Hat/CentOS (systemctl disabled nginx) or Debian/Ubuntu (syst


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