How to use ORM for database operations in ThinkPHP6?

With the development of PHP, more and more web applications need to access and operate databases. ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a popular database operation method that manages databases in an object-oriented manner and provides maintainable, scalable and portable solutions. ThinkPHP6 is one of the popular PHP frameworks. It provides many ways to use ORM and is very simple and easy to understand. This article will introduce how to use ORM for database operations in ThinkPHP6.

Step1. Connect to the database
Before using ORM to operate the database, you first need to configure the database connection information. In ThinkPHP6, it can be configured in config/database.php. Specific configuration information includes database type, database address, port, database name, user name and password, etc. For example, the following is a MySQL database configuration:

<?php
return [
    // 数据库类型
    'type'             => 'mysql',
    // 数据库连接DSN配置
    'dsn'              => '',
    // 服务器地址
    'hostname'         => 'localhost',
    // 数据库名
    'database'         => 'test',
    // 数据库用户名
    'username'         => 'root',
    // 数据库密码
    'password'         => '',
    // 数据库连接端口
    'hostport'         => '',
    // 数据库连接参数
    'params'           => [],
    // 数据库编码默认采用utf8
    'charset'          => 'utf8',
    // 数据库表前缀
    'prefix'           => '',
    // 数据库调试模式
    'debug'            => true,
    // 数据库部署方式:0 集中式(单一服务器),1 分布式(主从服务器)
    'deploy'           => 0,
    // 数据库读写是否分离 主从式有效
    'rw_separate'      => false,
    // 读写分离后 主服务器数量
    'master_num'       => 1,
    // 指定从服务器序号
    'slave_no'         => '',
    // 是否严格检查字段是否存在
    'fields_strict'    => true,
    // 开启自动写入时间戳字段
    'auto_timestamp'   => false,
    // 时间字段取出后的默认时间格式
    'datetime_format'  => 'Y-m-d H:i:s',
    // 是否需要进行SQL性能分析
    'sql_explain'      => false,
];

Step2. Define the model
When using ORM to operate the database, you need to define the corresponding model to manage the database tables. In ThinkPHP6, you can use command line tools to automatically generate model files, or you can create model files manually. The following is an example of a manually created model file:

<?php
namespace appmodel;

use thinkModel;

class User extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'user';

    protected $pk = 'id';

    protected $autoWriteTimestamp = true;

    protected $createTime = 'create_time';
    protected $updateTime = 'update_time';

    protected $dateFormat = 'Y-m-d H:i:s';

    protected $type = [
        'id'            => 'integer',
        'create_time'   => 'datetime',
        'update_time'   => 'datetime',
        'status'        => 'boolean',
    ];
}

In the above code, we define a model named User, its corresponding database table name is 'user', and the primary key field is 'id' . At the same time, we define properties such as automatic timestamp and time format. In the model, we can define some other attributes and methods, such as methods for defining model relationships, etc. The usage of these properties and methods will be detailed in the following steps.

Step3. Query data
When using ORM to query data, you can use many methods to meet different needs. The following are some commonly used ORM query methods:

1. table method

   $result =     hinkacadeDb::table('user')->where('id', $id)->find();

   Using the table method can directly operate the database table, and can call where, order, and limit in a chain and other methods.

2. find and select methods

   $user = User::find($id);
   $users = User::where('status', 1)->select();

   The find method can find a record with a specified primary key value, and the select method can query multiple records that meet the conditions.

3. value method

   $username = User::where('id', $id)->value('username');

   Use the value method to query the value of a specified field.

4. count method

   $count = User::count();

   Use the count method to query the number of records that meet the conditions.

5. Or query

   $user = User::where('username', $username)->whereOr('email', $email)->find();

   or statement can be implemented using the whereOr method.

6. Paging query

   $users = User::where('status', 1)->paginate(10);

   Use the paginate method to implement paging query and customize the number of records displayed on each page.

Step4. Update data
When using ORM to update database records, you can use the update method. For example, the following is an example of updating a record:

$user = User::find($id);
$user->username = 'new_username';
$user->save();

We can find the record with the specified primary key value through the find method. We can then modify the object's properties. Finally, we call the save method to save the modified record to the database.

Step5. Delete data
When using ORM to delete database records, you can use the delete method. For example, the following is an example of deleting a record:

$user = User::find($id);
$user->delete();

We can find the record with the specified primary key value through the find method. Then, we call the delete method to delete the record from the database.

Summary
This article introduces the basic steps of using ORM for database operations in ThinkPHP6. First, we need to configure the database connection information. Then, we need to define the model to manage the database tables. When using ORM to query data, we can use many methods to meet different needs. When updating and deleting data, we can use the corresponding methods to achieve this. Using ORM can free us from tedious SQL operations and improve development efficiency. Hope this article can help you!

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