Introduction to Spring Cloud microservice architecture in Java language

Introduction to Spring Cloud microservice architecture in Java language

With the continuous development of the Internet industry, enterprise application systems are becoming more and more complex, and they are becoming more and more responsive to the increasing business needs and visits. difficulty. The traditional monolithic architecture model has many problems, such as being difficult to expand, not flexible enough, and difficult to deploy. In response to these problems, the microservice architecture solution came into being.

Spring Cloud is a solution for microservice architecture in the Spring family. It provides a variety of tools and frameworks, such as service registration and discovery, load balancing, circuit breaker, distributed configuration, etc. Let’s introduce these tools and frameworks one by one.

1. Service registration and discovery

In the microservice architecture, communication between services is very frequent, and a certain way is required to implement calls between services. Service registration and discovery can help us manage and call service addresses, and provide a convenient mechanism to implement communication between services.

Spring Cloud provides two service registration and discovery solutions, Eureka and Consul. Eureka is an open source project provided by Netflix. It can register all services to a centralized registration center, and clients can discover and call services through the registration center. Consul is a solution provided by HashiCorp. It not only provides service registration and discovery capabilities, but also provides distributed configuration, health checking and other functions.

2. Load Balancing

In a monolithic architecture, we usually use hardware load balancing or software load balancing to achieve balanced distribution of requests. In a microservice architecture, since each service may have multiple instances, a lightweight load balancing solution is needed to route requests.

Spring Cloud provides two load balancing solutions: Ribbon and Feign. Ribbon is a load balancer provided by Netflix, which can implement load balancing on the client. Feign is a declarative REST client based on Ribbon, which can forward requests to specified services.

3. Circuit Break

In the microservice architecture, calls between services are made through the network. Due to the instability of the network, interruptions between services may occur. The call failed or timed out. When a service fails, the traditional approach is to have the client wait until the service returns to normal. In the microservice architecture, due to the large number of services and the extremely frequent calls between services, this bad impact will be exponentially amplified.

Circuit Breaker Pattern provides a reliability protection mechanism. When a service fails, the circuit breaker mechanism can be used to quickly switch to a backup service. Spring Cloud provides Hystrix circuit breakers, which can configure circuit breakers for service calls and implement downgrade strategies to ensure the reliability of the entire service system.

4. Distributed configuration

In the microservice architecture, the configuration information of the service may exist in multiple service instances, and it is very difficult to modify the configuration information. Moreover, in different environments (development, testing, production), different configuration information is required, and it is very inconvenient to hard-code the configuration information in the code.

Spring Cloud provides two components, Config Server and Config Client, which facilitate modification and management by storing configuration information in version control tools such as Git and SVN instead of in code. Config Client can request configuration information from Config Server and apply it to local service instances.

Summary

Spring Cloud provides a variety of tools and frameworks for microservice architecture solutions, which can help us quickly build, manage and expand microservice systems. In practical applications, you need to choose the appropriate solution based on your business needs and technical level.

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