What is goroutine in Go language?

Go language is an open source programming language developed by Google and launched in 2009. This language has attracted more and more attention in recent years and is widely used in the development of network services, cloud computing and other fields. One of the most distinctive features of the Go language is its built-in goroutine (coroutine), a lightweight thread that can easily implement concurrent and parallel computing in code.

So what exactly is goroutine? Simply put, goroutine is the unit of concurrent operations in the Go language. Each goroutine can be regarded as an independent computing task, executed concurrently in a thread, without the need to explicitly call the thread processing function or create a new thread through the system's thread mechanism. Go uses a special syntax to implement goroutine. You only need to use the keyword go in front of the function execution statement. For example:

func main(){
   go foo()
   bar()
}

func foo(){
   // 执行任务
}

func bar(){
   // 执行任务
}

In this example, function foo() and function bar() are independent tasks, and they can be executed simultaneously in different goroutines. With the keyword go, we start the goroutine of function foo(). In function main(), function bar() will execute concurrently with function foo() without blocking.

The importance of goroutine in Go stems from its lightweight nature. One goroutine only takes up about 2KB of memory space, and we can create thousands of goroutines in one CPU core. This concurrency mechanism greatly improves the execution efficiency and running speed of the program.

In addition, the Go language also provides many mechanisms that support goroutine to help deal with concurrent running issues. For example, channels can be used to implement communication between goroutines in order to coordinate their work and synchronize their execution. By using a buffered channel, we can write data to the channel before starting the goroutine, causing the goroutine to execute immediately at runtime.

In addition, the Go language also provides some built-in functions to manage the life cycle of goroutine. For example, using the function runtime.Gosched() allows the program to actively yield the CPU (i.e., suspend the execution of the current goroutine of the processor, thereby allowing other goroutines to enter the execution state).

In short, goroutine is a very distinctive concurrency mechanism in the Go language. Its lightweight and high efficiency provide the Go language with powerful concurrency capabilities, and it has become a language that attracts more and more people. A big reason for developers.

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