Nginx IP access control and security settings

IP access control and security settings of Nginx

Nginx is a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, which is widely used in web application development, operation and maintenance of Internet companies and individual developers. . As we all know, there are various security threats on the Internet, and the most common attack method is hacker attacks, such as DDoS attacks, SQL injection, etc. Therefore, IP access control and security settings for Nginx are crucial.

IP access control refers to allowing or prohibiting specific IP addresses from accessing the Nginx server. Through IP access control, unnecessary traffic such as hacker attacks, spam, and web crawlers can be effectively prevented to ensure the stability and security of the server.

Nginx’s IP access control is mainly completed through configuration files. Below is the basic Nginx access control configuration.

    location / {
        allow 192.168.1.0/24;
        deny all;
    }

The configuration file code stipulates that only clients with IP addresses in the 192.168.1.0/24 network segment can access the Nginx server, and clients with other IP addresses will not be able to access.

In addition, you can also set up multiple IP address ranges to allow and deny access. The code is as follows:

    location / {
        allow 192.168.1.0/24;
        allow 10.0.0.0/8;
        deny all;
    }

This code stipulates that only the IP addresses are 192.168.1.0/24 and 10.0.0.0/ Clients in network segment 8 can access the Nginx server, but clients with other IP addresses will not be able to access it.

In Nginx’s IP access control, you can also use regular expressions to specify that only qualified clients can access.

    location / {
        allow ^192.168.1.[0-9]+$;
        deny all;
    }

This code stipulates that only IP addresses match the regular expression "^192.168.1.[0-9]", that is, all clients starting with 192.168.1 can access the Nginx server, and clients with other IP addresses The terminal will be inaccessible.

In addition to IP access control, Nginx also has some security settings to consider. The following are several basic Nginx security settings:

1. Turn off Nginx version number display

Nginx will include server version number information in the HTTP response header by default. Attackers This information can be exploited for attacks and detail disclosure. Therefore, it is recommended to turn off the display of the version number. The code is as follows:

    server_tokens off;

2. HTTPS encryption

HTTP protocol is transmitted in plain text and is easily hijacked and eavesdropped. The security of data transmission can be ensured through HTTPS encrypted communication. To use HTTPS encryption, you need to apply for an SSL certificate and perform related configurations.

3. Preventing DDoS Attacks

A DDoS attack is a network attack that subjects a server to a large number of requests, rendering it unable to function properly. Nginx can prevent DDoS attacks by limiting client access rates.

4. Control server records

Server records contain information about website visitors and may expose user privacy and security. User privacy and security can be protected by limiting server logging.

To sum up, Nginx’s IP access control and security settings are crucial to ensuring the stability and security of web applications. Administrators need to customize configurations based on the actual needs of the application. At the same time, continuously updating server and software versions, and conducting security assessments and penetration tests are one of the necessary measures to ensure the security of web applications.

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