Common Nginx security vulnerabilities and their repair methods

Nginx is a widely used web server and reverse proxy server, and is also an important network infrastructure component. With the increasing number of network attacks, the security issues of Nginx have gradually attracted attention. This article will introduce some common Nginx security vulnerabilities and their repair methods.

1. Bypass access restrictions
   An attacker may gain unauthorized access by bypassing Nginx's access restrictions. For example, an attacker might use "../" symbols to traverse directories, or use non-standard encoding in URLs to bypass filters or firewalls. To prevent this attack, Nginx security configuration options should be used, such as disabling access to non-standard directories and files.
2. Cross-site scripting attack (XSS)
   Cross-site scripting attack (XSS) is a common web attack in which an attacker modifies web pages by injecting scripts to steal user information or perform other Malicious operation. To prevent XSS attacks, you should enable Nginx's security directives, such as disabling cookies and scripts in HTTP headers, and using XSS filters to detect and filter suspected cross-site scripting attacks.
3. SQL injection attack
   SQL injection attack is a common web attack in which an attacker injects malicious code to steal, destroy or tamper with information in a database. To prevent SQL injection attacks, you should use secure SQL query techniques such as parameterized queries and enable strict input filters in Nginx to detect any possible SQL injection attacks.
4. Authentication bypass attack
   Authentication bypass attack is an attack that deceives the authentication system to gain unauthorized access. For example, attackers can use weak passwords, identity impersonation and other techniques to deceive the authentication system and gain access. To prevent authentication bypass attacks, security technologies such as strong password policies and multi-factor authentication should be used, and authentication systems should be regularly audited and updated.
5. Buffer overflow vulnerability
   Buffer overflow vulnerability is a common vulnerability in which an attacker corrupts the memory space by injecting large amounts of data, thereby disrupting the normal operation of the application. To prevent buffer overflow vulnerabilities, secure programming techniques such as data validation, limiting input length, etc. should be used, and security measures such as stack protection and address space randomization should be enabled in Nginx.

In short, Nginx is a very powerful web server and reverse proxy server, but there are also some security vulnerabilities that will bring major threats to the website. In order to ensure the security and reliability of your website, Nginx should be updated regularly, use the latest security programs and fixes, and adopt a series of security technologies and measures to prevent various common security vulnerabilities. Especially when facing large-scale Internet attacks, it is necessary to strengthen the management and maintenance of Nginx and promptly analyze and solve security problems.

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