How to use Go language for network programming?

In today's highly connected world, network programming is very important. As a fast, powerful and simple programming language, Go language is becoming more and more popular in the field of network programming. The following will introduce how to use Go language for network programming.

1. TCP Network Programming

TCP is a connection-based protocol that provides reliable data transmission and guarantees the sequence of data. In Go language, network programming can be implemented using the net library. Below is a simple TCP client and server example.

Client code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "localhost:8000")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    fmt.Fprintln(conn, "Hello, server!")
}

Server code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8000")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer ln.Close()

    fmt.Println("Listening on :8000...")

    for {
        conn, err := ln.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
            continue
        }

        handleConnection(conn)
    }
}

func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
    defer conn.Close()

    buf := make([]byte, 1024)
    n, err := conn.Read(buf)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    fmt.Println("Received:", string(buf[:n]))
}

2. UDP network programming

Different from TCP, UDP is a A connectionless protocol that does not guarantee the reliability and sequence of data transmission. However, its advantage lies in its high speed and ability to transfer data quickly. In the Go language, UDP is implemented similarly to TCP, also using the net library.

The following is a basic UDP client and server example.

Client code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    conn, err := net.Dial("udp", "127.0.0.1:8000")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    fmt.Fprintln(conn, "Hello, server!")
}

Server code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    addr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", ":8000")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }

    conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", addr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    fmt.Println("Listening on ", addr)

    buf := make([]byte, 1024)

    for {
        n, _, err := conn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Println(err)
            continue
        }

        fmt.Println("Received:", string(buf[:n]))
    }
}

3. HTTP network programming

HTTP is based on the request-response model protocol, widely used in network communications. In Go language, you can use the built-in net/http library for HTTP network programming.

The following is a basic HTTP server example, which listens to the local port 8080 and returns a simple "Hello, World!" string:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
    })

    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

The above is common in the Go language Network programming implementation. Of course, this is just an entry-level implementation of network programming. Based on this, you can further explore the powerful network programming capabilities of the Go language.

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