What are the implementation methods of network programming in Go language?

The Go language is designed as a language suitable for writing network programs, and provides many built-in libraries and frameworks to make network programming easier and more efficient. This article will introduce common network programming implementation methods in Go language.

1. TCP/UDP socket programming

TCP/UDP socket programming is the most traditional network programming method and the most basic method. Go provides the net package, which can easily create and manage TCP/UDP socket communication. When using the net package, we need to first create a listening address, and then use the Accept() method to listen for the client's connection request and accept its request to establish a connection with the client.

The following is a simple TCP server code example:

import (
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":8080")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }

    for {
        conn, err := ln.Accept()
        if err != nil {
            continue
        }
        go handleConn(conn)
    }
}

func handleConn(conn net.Conn) {
    buf := make([]byte, 1024)
    for {
        _, err := conn.Read(buf)
        if err != nil {
            conn.Close()
            break
        }
        conn.Write([]byte("received!
"))
    }
}

In the above example, we used Go's net package to create a TCP server, listening on the local 8080 port, and when there is When the client requests a connection, it uses the Accept() method to accept its request and establish a connection with it, and then hands the connection to the handleConn() function for processing. In the handleConn() function, we read the data sent by the client through the Read() method, and then send the response to the client using the Write() method.

2. HTTP Server Programming

In Go, you can also create an HTTP server using the net/http package. In addition to basic TCP/UDP socket programming, using the net/http package can more conveniently implement web server functions.

The following is a simple HTTP server code example:

import "net/http"

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", handleRequest)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

func handleRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("Hello, World!"))
}

In the above example, we use the net/http package to create an HTTP server that listens on the local port 8080. When there is When the client requests, use the handleRequest() function to return a "Hello, World!" string.

3. WebSocket Programming

WebSocket is a network protocol that provides two-way communication over a single TCP connection. For real-time applications or those that require frequently updated data, using WebSockets can significantly reduce network overhead and provide a more efficient way to exchange data. In the Go language, compared to TCP/UDP socket programming and HTTP server programming, WebSocket programming requires the use of third-party libraries, such as Gorilla WebSocket.

The following is a simple WebSocket server code example:

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)

var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/websocket", handleWebSocket)
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    for {
        messageType, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            log.Println(err)
            break
        }
        log.Printf("Received message: %s", string(message))
        err = conn.WriteMessage(messageType, message)
        if err != nil {
            log.Println(err)
            break
        }
    }
}

In the above example, we use the Gorilla WebSocket library to create a WebSocket server that listens on the local 8080 port. When there is a client When the client is connected, use the Upgrade() method to upgrade the connection, and then continuously read the messages sent by the client in the loop and send the same messages back to the client.

Summary:

Go language provides a variety of network programming implementation methods, among which TCP/UDP socket programming and HTTP server programming are the most basic, while WebSocket programming provides efficient Two-way communication method. For different application scenarios, choosing different network programming implementation methods can realize network functions more conveniently and quickly.

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