search
HomeOperation and MaintenanceNginxHTTP access control and common security vulnerabilities in Nginx

With the popularity of the Internet and the diversification of applications, the security of websites has become the focus of attention. Nginx, an efficient and flexible web server and reverse proxy server, also serves as an important component to ensure website security. This article will focus on HTTP access control and common security vulnerabilities in Nginx.

1. HTTP access control

1. Reverse proxy

In actual operations, we often find that some requirements require the use of reverse proxy for access control. Nginx's reverse proxy is a powerful and flexible function that can transmit data between the internal network and the public network.

For example, when a company needs to access an external website, access control can be performed through Nginx, and only IPs within the company are allowed to access the website. This method can effectively eliminate attacks from the public network and enhance website security.

2. Authentication and authorization

Nginx also supports HTTP basic authentication and digest authentication. HTTP basic authentication ensures that only authorized users can access target resources by setting a username and password. HTTP digest authentication uses a digest algorithm to encrypt the password, making it more secure and reliable.

For example, we can add the following code to the Nginx configuration file to implement basic authentication:

location /private {
    auth_basic           "closed site";
    auth_basic_user_file conf/users;
}

where conf/users specifies the user's authentication information and password. This way, only users who can provide the correct username and password can access the /private path.

3.IP access control

Nginx also provides corresponding control mechanisms for access from specific IPs. For example, you can limit access to only IP addresses within the company's intranet.

For example, we can add the following code to the Nginx configuration file to implement IP access control:

location /private {
    deny all;
    allow 192.168.1.0/24;
    allow 10.0.0.0/8;
    allow 172.16.0.0/12;
    allow 127.0.0.1;
    allow ::1;
    deny all;
}

Here, the access rights are limited to the IP range of the company's internal network, that is, 10.0.0.0 /8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.1.0/24, while allowing access from the trusted IP addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1.

2. Common security vulnerabilities

  1. Improper configuration

Improper configuration is one of the common causes of web server security vulnerabilities. The Nginx server does not fix all security vulnerabilities by default. If sufficient security measures are not taken in the configuration file, an attacker may obtain server permissions from malicious requests and then take control of the entire server.

  1. SQL injection

SQL injection is also a common web security vulnerability. The attacker injects SQL code into the parameters and passes malicious statements to the database to gain illegal access.

In order to prevent security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, user input can be checked through regular expressions to filter malicious code. At the same time, using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) is also a more effective preventive measure.

  1. XSS Vulnerability

Cross-site scripting attack (XSS) is a security vulnerability that causes network attacks by submitting illegal code. By injecting specific HTML and JavaScript code into web forms, attackers can completely control the target website to steal users' private data or perform other illegal activities.

The method to prevent XSS vulnerabilities is very simple. You only need to restrict user input in web forms and use secure encoding technology in the returned HTML page.

  1. CSRF attack

CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) cross-site request forgery attack is a type of attack that uses malicious code to falsely request a website to conceal the identity of the attacker. The security mechanism of the target website, resulting in an attack method that leads to security vulnerabilities.

Generally speaking, to prevent CSRF attacks, you can add a random token to the web form to ensure that the request comes from the user himself.

Summary

In order to ensure the security of the Nginx server, we must not only manage HTTP access control, but also pay attention to the prevention of common Web security vulnerabilities. Among them, improper configuration, SQL injection, XSS attacks and CSRF attacks are relatively common security issues. When developing, testing, and publishing web applications, be sure to take necessary security measures to protect the web server from always working in a safe state.

The above is the detailed content of HTTP access control and common security vulnerabilities in Nginx. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
NGINX in Action: Examples and Real-World ApplicationsNGINX in Action: Examples and Real-World ApplicationsApr 17, 2025 am 12:18 AM

NGINX can be used to improve website performance, security, and scalability. 1) As a reverse proxy and load balancer, NGINX can optimize back-end services and share traffic. 2) Through event-driven and asynchronous architecture, NGINX efficiently handles high concurrent connections. 3) Configuration files allow flexible definition of rules, such as static file service and load balancing. 4) Optimization suggestions include enabling Gzip compression, using cache and tuning the worker process.

NGINX Unit: Supporting Different Programming LanguagesNGINX Unit: Supporting Different Programming LanguagesApr 16, 2025 am 12:15 AM

NGINXUnit supports multiple programming languages ​​and is implemented through modular design. 1. Loading language module: Load the corresponding module according to the configuration file. 2. Application startup: Execute application code when the calling language runs. 3. Request processing: forward the request to the application instance. 4. Response return: Return the processed response to the client.

Choosing Between NGINX and Apache: The Right Fit for Your NeedsChoosing Between NGINX and Apache: The Right Fit for Your NeedsApr 15, 2025 am 12:04 AM

NGINX and Apache have their own advantages and disadvantages and are suitable for different scenarios. 1.NGINX is suitable for high concurrency and low resource consumption scenarios. 2. Apache is suitable for scenarios where complex configurations and rich modules are required. By comparing their core features, performance differences, and best practices, you can help you choose the server software that best suits your needs.

How to start nginxHow to start nginxApr 14, 2025 pm 01:06 PM

Question: How to start Nginx? Answer: Install Nginx Startup Nginx Verification Nginx Is Nginx Started Explore other startup options Automatically start Nginx

How to check whether nginx is startedHow to check whether nginx is startedApr 14, 2025 pm 01:03 PM

How to confirm whether Nginx is started: 1. Use the command line: systemctl status nginx (Linux/Unix), netstat -ano | findstr 80 (Windows); 2. Check whether port 80 is open; 3. Check the Nginx startup message in the system log; 4. Use third-party tools, such as Nagios, Zabbix, and Icinga.

How to close nginxHow to close nginxApr 14, 2025 pm 01:00 PM

To shut down the Nginx service, follow these steps: Determine the installation type: Red Hat/CentOS (systemctl status nginx) or Debian/Ubuntu (service nginx status) Stop the service: Red Hat/CentOS (systemctl stop nginx) or Debian/Ubuntu (service nginx stop) Disable automatic startup (optional): Red Hat/CentOS (systemctl disabled nginx) or Debian/Ubuntu (syst

How to configure nginx in WindowsHow to configure nginx in WindowsApr 14, 2025 pm 12:57 PM

How to configure Nginx in Windows? Install Nginx and create a virtual host configuration. Modify the main configuration file and include the virtual host configuration. Start or reload Nginx. Test the configuration and view the website. Selectively enable SSL and configure SSL certificates. Selectively set the firewall to allow port 80 and 443 traffic.

How to solve nginx403 errorHow to solve nginx403 errorApr 14, 2025 pm 12:54 PM

The server does not have permission to access the requested resource, resulting in a nginx 403 error. Solutions include: Check file permissions. Check the .htaccess configuration. Check nginx configuration. Configure SELinux permissions. Check the firewall rules. Troubleshoot other causes such as browser problems, server failures, or other possible errors.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Chat Commands and How to Use Them
1 months agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

Atom editor mac version download

Atom editor mac version download

The most popular open source editor

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

Dreamweaver Mac version

Dreamweaver Mac version

Visual web development tools