How to use Go language for audio and video processing?

In recent years, with the development of audio and video technology, the demand for audio and video processing related technologies is getting higher and higher. As a high-performance programming language, Go also provides many convenient tools and libraries to facilitate our processing of audio and video data. This article will introduce how to use Go language for audio and video processing. The specific content is as follows:

1. How to use Go to process audio

In Go language, audio data processing usually requires the use of audio encoding Decoding library. Currently the more commonly used ones include portaudio and ffmpeg. Here we take ffmpeg as an example and give a simple sample code for reading audio files, converting formats and saving:

package main

import (
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avcodec"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avformat"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avutil"
    "log"
)

func main() {
    // 打开输入文件
    inputCtx := avformat.AvformatAllocContext()
    if err := avformat.AvformatOpenInput(&inputCtx, "input.mp3", nil, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer avformat.AvformatCloseInput(inputCtx)

    // 查找音频流
    if err := avformat.AvformatFindStreamInfo(inputCtx, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    audioIndex := -1
    for i := 0; i < int(inputCtx.NbStreams()); i++ {
        codecCtx := inputCtx.Streams()[i].Codec()
        if codecCtx.CodecType() == avutil.AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO {
            audioIndex = i
            break
        }
    }
    if audioIndex < 0 {
        log.Fatal("No audio stream found")
    }

    // 打开解码器
    codecCtx := inputCtx.Streams()[audioIndex].Codec()
    codec := avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder(codecCtx.CodecId())
    if codec == nil {
        log.Fatal("Unsupported codec")
    }
    if err := codecCtx.AvcodecOpen2(codec, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
    defer codecCtx.AvcodecClose()

    // 打开输出文件
    outputFmt := avformat.AvGuessFormat("wav", "output.wav", "")
    if outputFmt == nil {
        log.Fatal("Failed to guess output format")
    }
    outputCtx := avformat.AvformatAllocContext()
    outputCtx.SetOutputFormat(outputFmt)
    if err := avformat.AvioOpen(outputCtx.Pb(), "output.wav", avformat.AVIO_FLAG_WRITE); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 写入输出头
    if err := avformat.AvformatWriteHeader(outputCtx, nil); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }

    // 读取、解码和转换音频帧
    for {
        pkt := avcodec.AvPacketAlloc()
        defer avutil.AvPacketFree(pkt)
        if ret := avformat.AvReadFrame(inputCtx, pkt); ret < 0 {
            if ret == avutil.AVERROR_EOF || ret == avutil.ErrEAGAIN {
                break
            }
            log.Fatal(ret)
        }
        if pkt.StreamIndex() != audioIndex {
            continue
        }
        frame := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
        defer avutil.AvFrameFree(frame)
        if _, gotframe, ret := codecCtx.AvcodecDecodeAudio4(pkt, frame); ret >= 0 && gotframe {
            // 转换格式
            if _, _, ret := codecCtx.AvcodecSendPacket(pkt); ret < 0 {
                log.Fatal(ret)
            }
            for {
                frame2 := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
                if _, ret := codecCtx.AvcodecReceiveFrame(frame2); ret == avutil.AvErrorEOF {
                    break
                } else if ret < 0 {
                    log.Fatal(ret)
                }
                if _, ret := avcodec.AvAudioResample(frame2, frame, avformat.AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, int(codecCtx.SampleRate()), avformat.AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP, int(codecCtx.SampleRate()), 0, 0); ret < 0 {
                    log.Fatal(ret)
                }

                // 写入输出帧
                if _, ret := avformat.AvInterleavedWriteFrame(outputCtx, frame); ret != nil {
                    log.Fatal(ret)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 写入输出尾
    if err := avformat.AvWriteTrailer(outputCtx); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

Code explanation:

1. Read input file

Here the avformat.AvformatOpenInput function is used to open the input file, and avformat.AvformatFindStreamInfo is used to find the audio stream.

2. Open the decoder

Use the avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder function in the code to find the supported decoder and open it, assuming that the input file The encoding format is legal.

3. Open the output file

Use avformat.AvGuessFormat to find out the encoding format of the output file, then use avformat.AvformatAllocContext The function creates an output file context and opens the file.

4. Read, decode and convert audio frames

Use the avformat.AvReadFrame function to read a frame from the input file and check if it belongs audio stream. If so, use a decoder to decode the frame into audio data. Then use the avcodec.AvAudioResample function to convert the audio data to the set sampling rate and format. Finally, the output frame is written to the output file using the avformat.AvInterleavedWriteFrame function.

5. Finally, close the input and output files.

2. How to use Go to process video

Processing video data in Go language also requires the use of a video codec library, and you can also use the ffmpeg tool library. Next, a simple sample code for reading a video file, extracting frames, and saving is given:

package main

import (
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avcodec"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avformat"
    "github.com/giorgisio/goav/avutil"
    "image"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    // 打开输入文件
    inputCtx := avformat.AvformatAllocContext()
    if err := avformat.AvformatOpenInput(&inputCtx, "input.mp4", nil, nil); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer avformat.AvformatCloseInput(inputCtx)

    // 查找视频流
    if err := avformat.AvformatFindStreamInfo(inputCtx, nil); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    videoIndex := -1
    for i := 0; i < int(inputCtx.NbStreams()); i++ {
        codecCtx := inputCtx.Streams()[i].Codec()
        if codecCtx.CodecType() == avutil.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO {
            videoIndex = i
            break
        }
    }
    if videoIndex < 0 {
        panic("No video stream found")
    }

    // 打开解码器
    codecCtx := inputCtx.Streams()[videoIndex].Codec()
    codec := avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder(codecCtx.CodecId())
    if codec == nil {
        panic("Unsupported codec")
    }
    if err := codecCtx.AvcodecOpen2(codec, nil); err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer codecCtx.AvcodecClose()

    // 创建输出文件
    output, err := os.Create("output.jpg")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    defer output.Close()

    // 提取视频帧
    packet := avutil.AvPacketAlloc()
    defer avutil.AvPacketFree(packet)
    for {
        if ret := avformat.AvReadFrame(inputCtx, packet); ret < 0 {
            if ret == avutil.AVERROR_EOF || ret == avutil.ErrEAGAIN {
                break
            }
            panic(ret)
        }
        if packet.StreamIndex() != videoIndex {
            continue
        }

        // 解码视频帧
        frame := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
        defer avutil.AvFrameFree(frame)
        if gotframe, ret := codecCtx.AvcodecSendPacket(packet); ret >= 0 && gotframe {
            for {
                frame := avutil.AvFrameAlloc()
                if _, ret := codecCtx.AvcodecReceiveFrame(frame); ret == avutil.AvErrorEOF {
                    break
                } else if ret < 0 {
                    panic(ret)
                }

                // 写入输出文件
                img := image.NewRGBA(image.Rect(0, 0, int(frame.Width()), int(frame.Height())))
                for y := 0; y < int(frame.Height()); y++ {
                    for x := 0; x < int(frame.Width()); x++ {
                        c := frame.Data(0)[y*frame.Linesize(0)+x*3 : y*frame.Linesize(0)+x*3+3]
                        img.SetRGBA(x, y, color.RGBA{c[0], c[1], c[2], 255})
                    }
                }
                if err := jpeg.Encode(output, img, &jpeg.Options{Quality: 100}); err != nil {
                    panic(err)
                }
                break
            }
        }
    }
}

Code explanation:

1. Read input file

Also use the avformat.AvformatOpenInput function to open the input file, and use avformat.AvformatFindStreamInfo to find the video stream.

2. Open the decoder

Also use the avcodec.AvcodecFindDecoder function in the code to find the supported decoder and open it, assuming the input file The encoding format is legal.

3. Create output file

Use Go's built-in os package to create an output file and open it.

4. Extract video frames

Use the avformat.AvReadFrame function to read a frame from the input file and check if it belongs to the video stream. If so, use a decoder to decode the frame into video data. The video data is then converted into image data (here into JPEG format) through a loop and written to the output file.

5. Finally, close the input and output files.

Summary

This article introduces how to use Go language to process audio and video data. Format parsing and encoding and decoding are key links in audio and video processing. Here we use the ffmpeg tool library to process audio and video formats. In actual applications, more complex audio and video processing operations may be required, but the overall code framework is similar. We hope our sample code can provide some help for your audio and video processing work.

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