Python is a powerful programming language, and its modular design is an important feature of it. In Python, modules are a way of organizing code so that code with similar functionality can be put together for reuse. Python provides a rich standard module library, and we can also write our own modules and introduce them into Python code for use.
This article will provide an in-depth introduction to modules in Python, including how to create modules, how to import modules, and how to use third-party modules.
Create a module
In Python, any .py
file can become a module. We can put some related functions in the same .py
file to achieve modularity. Take a module named mymodule.py
as an example. This module defines a greet()
function:
def greet(name): print(f"Hello, {name}!")
can be passed ## in other Python files #import statement to use this module:
import mymodule mymodule.greet("John")This will output
Hello, John!
from mymodule import greet way to only import the
greet function, so that we can directly use the
greet() function:
from mymodule import greet greet("John")Import module In Python, we can use different ways to import modules, the most common of which is to use the
import statement. For example, we can use the following statement to import the
math module in the Python standard module:
import math print(math.sqrt(16))This will output
4.0, which is
16 square root.
from ... import ... statement to import specified functions or variables from the module. For example, if we only need to use the
sqrt function in the
math module, we can use the following statement:
from math import sqrt print(sqrt(16))This will output
4.0.
import numpy as np to give the
numpy module the
np alias:
import numpy as np a = np.array([1, 2, 3]) print(a)This will output
[ 1 2 3].
pip tool first.
requests library:
pip install requestsAfter the installation is complete, you can use the
requests library in Python. For example, we can send a GET request to
http://example.com/ through the following code:
import requests response = requests.get('http://example.com/') print(response.text)Note that when we use a third-party library, we need to ensure that it has been installed and imported correctly in the code. If the specified module is not found, you may need to set the
sys.path variable to a list containing the path to the module.
import statement to import functions and variables in other modules, or we can use the
from ... import ... statement to import specified functions or variables. Additionally, you can add the module's path to the
sys.path variable to support importing custom or third-party modules. There are a large number of third-party libraries in the Python community that can easily extend the functions of Python. Using these libraries can greatly improve our programming efficiency and code reusability.
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