Detailed explanation of GUI library tkinter in Python

With the widespread application and popularity of Python, more and more users choose to use Python for programming. In the Python language, the GUI library is very important because it can provide users with a more friendly, intuitive and beautiful interface. There are many choices for GUI libraries in Python, but the most classic one should be tkinter.

This article will introduce one of the most commonly used GUI libraries in Python-tkinter, let us learn more about it together.

1. What is tkinter

Tkinter is the standard GUI library of Python. It is the standard Python interface of the Tk GUI toolkit of Python interface and adopts modular design. This module contains many GUI controls, such as buttons, labels, text boxes, scroll bars, etc. tkinter is a cross-platform GUI library for operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. It is also the most widely used GUI library in Python.

2. Advantages and disadvantages of tkinter

2.1 Advantages

1. Easy to learn: Especially for beginners, it is easy to get started and the operation is simple and convenient.
2. Cross-platform: Whether it is Windows, Linux or macOS, you can easily develop cross-platform applications using tkinter.
3. Easy to expand: It is easy for users to add their own modules, and it provides an interface for directly calling Tcl/Tk code developed in C language.
4. Support multi-threaded programming: Multiple threads can be implemented in GUI programs to enhance the interactivity, real-time and user experience of the program.

2.2 Disadvantages

1. The interface design is single: the default interface of tkinter is not very beautiful and requires programmers to beautify it.
2. The function is relatively simple: Although Tk is a powerful GUI toolkit, it has relatively few functional extensions.

Therefore, when choosing a GUI library, you need to make a choice based on your actual situation and needs.

3. Use of tkinter

3.1 Installation

Python comes with the tkinter library, so no additional installation is required.

3.2 Hello World

The first GUI program written in Python usually displays a window and adds a label to the window, which displays a hello world. The following is a simple sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text='Hello World')
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

3.3 Components

Now, let’s take a look at some components commonly used in tkinter.

3.3.1 Label

Label is a component that displays text and is suitable for displaying static text. The following is a simple label sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
label = Label(root, text='这是一个标签')
label.pack()
root.mainloop()

3.3.2 Button

A button is a component that users can interact with. When the button is clicked, it triggers a event. The following is a simple button sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
def print_hello():
    print('Hello World')
button = Button(root, text='Click me', command=print_hello)
button.pack()
root.mainloop()

3.3.3 Text box (Entry)

The text box is a component that the user can use to enter a line of text input. The following is a simple text box sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
entry = Entry(root)
entry.pack()
root.mainloop()

3.3.4 List box (Listbox)

The list box is a component that can display one or more list items. Each list item can be represented by a string. The following is a simple list box sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
listbox = Listbox(root)
listbox.insert(0, 'Python')
listbox.insert(1, 'Java')
listbox.insert(2, 'C++')
listbox.insert(3, 'C#')
listbox.pack()
root.mainloop()

3.3.5 Scrollbar (Scrollbar)

When the content in the frame exceeds the size of the frame itself, you can use the scroll bar to scroll the content . The following is a simple scroll bar sample code:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
frame = Frame(root)
scrollbar = Scrollbar(frame)
scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
listbox = Listbox(frame, yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
for i in range(100):
    listbox.insert(END, str(i))
listbox.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH)
scrollbar.config(command=listbox.yview)
frame.pack()
root.mainloop()

4. Summary

This article introduces one of the most commonly used GUI libraries in Python-tkinter, and introduces tkinter from many aspects Usage, including installation, Hello World program, common components, etc. By studying this article, readers can have a preliminary understanding of the basic usage of tkinter, and hope it can help everyone learn GUI programming.

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