Best practices for network layer security defense using Nginx

With the continuous upgrading of modern network attack methods, traditional security defense methods can no longer meet the security needs of enterprises. More and more enterprises are beginning to transform to network layer security defense technology. As a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, Nginx also has certain network layer defense capabilities. This article will introduce the best practices for using Nginx for network layer security defense.

1. Basic Protection

First, we need to configure basic protection for Nginx.

1.1 Limit the connection speed

Nginx can limit the client connection speed and request rate through the limit_conn_module module and the limit_req_module module. This is especially important to defend against some DoS attacks. For example, you can limit the client to only send 10 HTTP requests per second through the following configuration:

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit_per_ip:10m rate=10r/s;

    server {
        location / {
            limit_req zone=req_limit_per_ip burst=20 nodelay;
        }
    }
}

1.2 Reject invalid requests

In Nginx, you can check the access request. Reject invalid requests, which helps prevent some attacks against web servers. For example, the following is a configuration that rejects requests that do not carry User-Agent header information:

http {
    server {
        if ($http_user_agent ~ "") {
            return 444;
        }
    }
}

2. Advanced Protection

On the basis of basic protection, we need to perform Nginx Configuration of advanced protection.

2.1 Defense against DDoS attacks

Nginx can defend against DDoS attacks through the third-party modules ngx_http_limit_conn_module and ngx_http_limit_req_module. These modules can limit the number of connections and requests per second for a single IP address. For example, the following is a configuration that limits the number of connections to a single IP address to no more than 20:

http {
    limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=conn_limit_per_ip:10m;

    server {
        location / {
            limit_conn conn_limit_per_ip 20;
        }
    }
}

2.2 Defense against SQL injection attacks

SQL injection attacks are one of the most common attacks on web applications. Nginx can defend against SQL injection attacks by configuring a reverse proxy server and using third-party modules. For example, the following is a configuration using the ngx_http_auth_request_module module to defend against SQL injection attacks:

http {
    server {
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://app_server;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

            auth_request /auth;

            error_page 403 = @forbidden;
        }

        location /auth {
            internal;
            proxy_pass http://auth_server;
            proxy_set_header Host $host;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location @forbidden {
            return 403;
        }
    }
}

3. Summary

Nginx, as a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, has Certain network layer defense capabilities. Through reasonable configuration and the use of third-party modules, Nginx can become the best practice for network layer security defense. At the same time, we also need to continue to learn and explore more advanced security defense methods and technologies to ensure the network security of enterprises.

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