Security practices during Nginx installation process

Nginx is currently one of the most popular web servers. Due to its efficiency, stability and security, it has become the first choice for many websites and companies. Although Nginx itself has good security features, we still need to be cautious and adopt some security practices during installation and configuration.

Preparation work before installation

Before starting to install Nginx, you need to carefully consider the following points:

1. Version selection: Choosing the latest version of the software can provide better Good security, too, because new versions often contain fixes for security vulnerabilities, which can prevent some known attacks.
2. Downloading and verification: When downloading software, you should try to download it from the official download site, and download the corresponding SHA256 verification file at the same time to ensure that the downloaded and installed software package has not been maliciously tampered with.
3. System security: Before installing Nginx, you should ensure that the server has been installed, updated, and has firewalls and other security measures enabled, such as SELinux.

Security practices during installation

1. Non-root user installation: It is unsafe to use the root user to install and configure Nginx because an attacker can attack the root user to gain system access. Therefore, we should use a user with appropriate permissions to install and run.
2. Least privilege mode: When the Nginx process is started, it will run as the starting user. However, in order to protect the entire system, it should be run in least privilege mode, which only provides the minimum permissions required to start and run Nginx.
3. Read and write permissions: Nginx needs to access the web root directory and some log files and configuration files. Therefore, you should ensure that these files are only readable by Nginx users, and only administrators can modify the configuration files.
4. Block directory listing enumeration: An attacker can perform directory listing enumeration on a web server to find the directory structure. To prevent this behavior, directory listing enumeration should be disabled in Nginx. This can be achieved via the autoindex directive in the configuration file.
5. SSL/TLS encryption: SSL/TLS encryption should be enabled for all communications with the web server. Additionally, you should ensure that the certificate is manually verified to ensure its authenticity.
6. Secure configuration files: Nginx configuration files should be checked regularly to ensure that they have not been maliciously tampered with. At the same time, you should avoid using default configurations and make necessary modifications to the configuration files based on business needs and security standards.

Summary

When using Nginx, ensuring safe practices during the installation process is critical to protecting the security and reliability of the system. In order to protect servers and websites from malicious attacks, we should take necessary precautions to avoid security holes and unnecessary risks.

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