search
HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql 码农笔记之索引的使用

  1. 索引是创建在表上的,对数据库表中一列或多列的值进行排序的一种结构,其作用主要在于提高查询的速度,降低数据库系统的性能开销
  2. 通过索引,查询数据不必读完记录的全部信息进行匹配,而是只查询索引列
  3. 索引相当于字典中的音序表,要查询某字时可以在音序表中找到,然后直接跳转到那一音序所在位置,而不必从字典第一页开始翻,逐字匹配
  4. 索引虽能提高查询速度,但在插入记录时会按照索引进行排序,因此降低了插入速度,最好的操作方式是先删除索引,插入大量记录后再创建索引


索引分类

1.普通索引:不附加任何限制条件,可创建在任何数据类型中

2.唯一性索引:使用unique参数可以设置索引为唯一性索引,在创建索引时,限制该索引的值必须唯一,主键就是一种唯一性索引

3.全文索引:使用fulltext参数可以设置索引为全文索引。全文索引只能创建在char、varchar或text类型的字段上。查询数据量较大的字符串类型字段时,效果明显。但只有MyISAM存储引擎支持全文检索

4.单列索引:在表中单个字段上创建的索引,单列索引可以是任何类型,只要保证索引只对应一个一个字段

5.多列索引:在表中多个字段上创建的索引,该索引指向创建时对应的多个字段

6.空间索引:使用spatial参数可以设置索引为空间索引,空间索引只能建立在空间数据类型上比如geometry,并且不能为空,目前只有MyISAM存储引擎支持

(1)在创建表时创建索引

创建普通索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create table index1(
    -> id int,
    -> name varchar(20),
    -> sex boolean,
    -> index(id)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)</code>

此处在id字段上创建索引,show create table可查看

 

创建唯一性索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create table index2(
    -> id int unique,
    -> name varchar(20),
    -> unique index index2_id(id ASC)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)</code>

此处使用id字段创建了一个名为index2_id的索引

这里的id字段可以不设置唯一性约束,但这样一来索引就没有作用

 

创建全文索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create table index3(
    -> id int,
    -> info varchar(20),
    -> fulltext index index3_info(info)
    -> )engine=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)</code>

要注意创建全文索引时只能使用MyISAM存储引擎

 

创建单列索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create table index4(
    -> id int,
    -> subject varchar(30),
    -> index index4_st(subject(10))
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)</code>

此处subject字段长度是30,而索引长度则是10

这么做的目的在于提高查询速度,对于字符型的数据不用查询全部信息

 

创建多列索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create table index5(
    -> id int,
    -> name varchar(20),
    -> sex char(4),
    -> index index5_ns(name,sex)
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)</code>

可以看出,这里使用了name字段和sex字段创建索引列

 

创建空间索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create table index6(
    -> id int,
    -> space geometry not null,
    -> spatial index index6_sp(space)
    -> )engine=MyISAM;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)</code>

这里需要注意空间space字段不能为空,还有存储引擎

 

(2)在已经存在的表上创建索引

创建普通索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create index index7_id on example0(id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

这里在现有表的id字段上创建了一条名为index7_id的索引

 

创建唯一性索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create unique index index8_id on example1(course_id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

 

此处只需要在index关键字前面加上unique即可

至于表中的course_id字段,最要也设置唯一性约束条件

 

创建全文索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create fulltext index index9_info on example2(info);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

 

fulltext关键字用来设置全文引擎,此处的表必须是MyISAM存储引擎

 

创建单列索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create index index10_addr on example3(address(4));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

此表中address字段的长度是20,这里只查询4字节,不需要全部查询

 

创建多列索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create index index11_na on example4(name,address);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

索引创建好之后,查询中必须有name字段才能使用

 

创建空间索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> create spatial index index12_line on example5(space);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

这里需要注意存储引擎是MyISAM,还有空间数据类型

 

(3)用alter table语句来创建索引

创建普通索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> alter table example6 add index index13_n(name(20));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

 

创建唯一性索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> alter table example8 add fulltext index index15_info(info);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

 

创建单列索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> alter table example9 add index index16_addr(address(4));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

 

创建多列索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> alter table example10 add index index17_in(id,name);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

 

创建空间索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> alter table example11 add spatial index index18_space(space);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

到此,三种操作方式,每种索引类别的建立就都列举了

对于索引,重要的是理解索引的概念,明白索引的种类

更多的是自己的使用经验

最后来看看索引的删除

 

(4)删除索引

<code class="language-sql">mysql> drop index index18_space on example11;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0</code>

这里是刚刚创建的一条索引

其中index18_space是索引名,example11是表名

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance?How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance?Apr 14, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

MySQL: Resources and Tutorials for New UsersMySQL: Resources and Tutorials for New UsersApr 14, 2025 am 12:16 AM

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

Real-World MySQL: Examples and Use CasesReal-World MySQL: Examples and Use CasesApr 14, 2025 am 12:15 AM

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.

SQL Commands in MySQL: Practical ExamplesSQL Commands in MySQL: Practical ExamplesApr 14, 2025 am 12:09 AM

SQL commands in MySQL can be divided into categories such as DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, etc., and are used to create, modify, delete databases and tables, insert, update, delete data, and perform complex query operations. 1. Basic usage includes CREATETABLE creation table, INSERTINTO insert data, and SELECT query data. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN for table joins, subqueries and GROUPBY for data aggregation. 3. Common errors such as syntax errors, data type mismatch and permission problems can be debugged through syntax checking, data type conversion and permission management. 4. Performance optimization suggestions include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and using transactions to ensure data consistency.

How does InnoDB handle ACID compliance?How does InnoDB handle ACID compliance?Apr 14, 2025 am 12:03 AM

InnoDB achieves atomicity through undolog, consistency and isolation through locking mechanism and MVCC, and persistence through redolog. 1) Atomicity: Use undolog to record the original data to ensure that the transaction can be rolled back. 2) Consistency: Ensure the data consistency through row-level locking and MVCC. 3) Isolation: Supports multiple isolation levels, and REPEATABLEREAD is used by default. 4) Persistence: Use redolog to record modifications to ensure that data is saved for a long time.

MySQL's Place: Databases and ProgrammingMySQL's Place: Databases and ProgrammingApr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL: From Small Businesses to Large EnterprisesMySQL: From Small Businesses to Large EnterprisesApr 13, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

What are phantom reads and how does InnoDB prevent them (Next-Key Locking)?What are phantom reads and how does InnoDB prevent them (Next-Key Locking)?Apr 13, 2025 am 12:16 AM

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. Best Graphic Settings
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
R.E.P.O. How to Fix Audio if You Can't Hear Anyone
3 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
WWE 2K25: How To Unlock Everything In MyRise
4 weeks agoBy尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SublimeText3 English version

SublimeText3 English version

Recommended: Win version, supports code prompts!

DVWA

DVWA

Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

EditPlus Chinese cracked version

Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function