How to accurately handle incoming and outgoing data in PHP language development?

In the PHP language, the incoming and outgoing of data is a very common and important operation. For developers, how to accurately process this data is a very important issue. Therefore, in order to help everyone better master this technique, this article will briefly introduce how to accurately handle incoming and outgoing data in PHP language development.

1. Accurate processing of incoming data

1. Filtering unsafe characters

By referencing the data entered, uploaded or read by the user, we May cause various problems, including SQL injection and XSS attacks. To prevent this, we can use PHP's security functions to filter unsafe characters, such as: htmlspecialchars(), strip_tags(), etc.

2. Verify the input data format

Incorrect input data format may lead to unpredictable results. For example, a user might enter the wrong email address, preventing them from sending an email, or enter the wrong phone number, preventing them from sending a text message. Therefore, the data must be validated before it is saved to the database. For example, you can use the filter_var() function and preg_match() function in PHP.

3. Escape special characters in SQL queries

When we use dynamic construction of SQL statements, we must handle the data carefully to prevent the use of special characters in the input data characters can lead to SQL injection attacks. In order to solve this problem, we can use PHP's escape function, such as: mysql_real_escape_string().

2. Accurate processing of outgoing data

1. Preset variable value

In order to prevent unexpected consequences, we must set it after outputting the variable default value. For example, if the code attempts to set a string value for an uninitialized or empty variable, it may provide false data information, causing the program to crash or other serious problems. So we can use isset() function to check if the variable is empty.

2. Encoding HTML escape characters

If characters such as &, b181ae33ca4a68296107058d250fa9f8 exist in the HTML code, the browser will interpret them as HTML codes. Instead of displaying the original text value. Therefore, the way to avoid this is to use PHP's htmlspecialchars() function to escape special characters into entities, for example: & becomes & and < becomes <.

3. Output the results to the browser safely

Before outputting the results, it is best to wrap all output content in HTML tags and follow the correct page layout. You can also put the content in a variable to make it easier to manipulate, and you can follow the rules of validating the input content before using the output content. For example:

$output = "<div>" . $stringFromDB . "</div>";
echo $output;

To sum up, accurately processing data is one of the important skills in PHP development. Although it may increase the development workload, ensuring the security and correctness of the data will save us a lot of time and energy.

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