Nginx security performance optimization: compressing responses and reducing traffic

In today's Internet world, website security and performance optimization have become indispensable key factors, among which Nginx has become a popular web server software. When using Nginx, in addition to ensuring its normal operation, you must also pay attention to its security and performance optimization. Compression response and traffic reduction technology are one of the more important points, and this article will focus on this aspect.

1. Compressed response

Text resources on the Internet can usually be compressed, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc. Compressing these resources can reduce the size of network transmission data, thereby reducing network transmission time and improving website response speed.

Nginx supports gzip compression technology, and the response message body can be compressed before sending, provided that the client request header contains support for the gzip compression algorithm. To enable gzip compression in Nginx, relevant configuration is required. Add the following instructions to the http module of the Nginx configuration file:

# 开启gzip压缩
gzip on;
gzip_comp_level 5; #压缩级别
gzip_min_length 1k; #最小压缩文件大小
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript application/json application/xml application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf font/opentype image/svg+xml image/png image/jpeg image/gif; #压缩类型
gzip_vary on; #防止缓存服务器错误

After the configuration is completed, you need to restart the Nginx server to allow Nginx to gzip compress the response message body.

It should be noted that when gzip compression is enabled, Nginx will also consume some CPU resources, so it needs to be configured according to the actual situation of the server to make reasonable use of server performance.

2. Reduce traffic

Reducing traffic can reduce the load on the server and improve the response speed of the website. Here are a few techniques to reduce traffic.

2.1 Static resource caching

Static resources (such as images, JavaScript, CSS, fonts, audio, video, etc.) are different from dynamic resources and usually do not change due to changes in user status or request parameters. . Therefore, you can use caching technology to cache these static resources to the client or to a dedicated cache server. When the user accesses the resource again, the resources in the cache can be directly used, reducing access to the server and thus reducing the cost. Reduce the load on the server and improve the response speed of the website.

2.2 Image generation

In front-end pages, some images are often used to show some special effects, but these images may occupy more bandwidth and traffic than static resources. In order to reduce traffic consumption, when using these images, you can convert them into smaller images through image generation technology or use CSS code. For example, you can use CSS3 to achieve special effects such as rounded corners, gradients, and shadows instead of using images.

2.3 Compress CSS and JavaScript

In addition to file compression, CSS and JavaScript files in web pages can also be compressed. Use compression tools to remove useless characters (such as spaces, comments, line breaks, etc.) from these files, thereby reducing the file size of web pages and reducing network traffic.

Enable CSS and JavaScript file compression in Nginx, which can be achieved by adding the following instructions in the http module of the Nginx configuration file:

http {
    ...
    gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript; # 开启CSS和JavaScript文件压缩 
    ...
}

In summary, Nginx security performance optimization involves In many aspects, compressing responses and reducing traffic are relatively common optimization techniques. When using Nginx, you should pay attention to reasonable configuration in order to better take advantage of its performance advantages.

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