ORM framework Pony ORM in Python in practice

Python is a high-level programming language that can be used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence and other fields. In the Python development process, the ORM (Object Relational Mapping) framework is an essential part. The ORM framework can help us easily interact data between databases and applications. In this article, we will take the Pony ORM framework as an example to introduce the application of the ORM framework in Python.

Pony ORM is a lightweight ORM framework in Python. Compared with other ORM frameworks, its advantages are that it is easy to learn, has good performance and scalability. Using Pony ORM, we can easily map Python objects into database records and directly use Python objects to manipulate data in the database.

The following is an example of using Pony ORM to operate a MySQL database:

Install Pony ORM:

pip install pony

Connect to the MySQL database:

from pony.orm import *

db = Database("mysql", host="localhost", user="root",
              password="123456", database="test")

Define the database model:

class Person(db.Entity):
    name = Required(str)
    age = Required(int)

Use Pony ORM API to store data into the database:

with db_session:
    p1 = Person(name="Tom", age=18)
    p2 = Person(name="Jerry", age=20)
    commit()

Query data in the database:

with db_session:
    persons = select(p for p in Person)
    for p in persons:
        print(p.name, p.age)

In the above code, we first use Pony ORM's Database The function establishes a connection to the MySQL database and then defines a Person object as the data model. When using the Pony ORM API to store data into the database, we first open a database session, create an instance of the Person object, and then commit the modifications. Finally, when querying the database, we use a select statement to get all Person objects and print them out.

In addition, Pony ORM also supports connections to multiple database types such as SQLAlchemy and SQLite, and also supports multi-threading, multi-process and distributed data access. In short, Pony ORM is a very excellent ORM framework in Python. It has the advantages of high efficiency, scalability and easy learning. It is an indispensable part of Python development.

Although Pony ORM makes it easier for us to write ORM in Python, we still need to understand the basic concepts of database operations when using ORM, such as tables, primary keys, foreign keys, associations, etc. Only after you deeply understand these concepts and understand the basic principles of ORM can you give full play to the advantages of ORM and avoid its shortcomings.

In this article we introduce the methods and basic applications of using the Pony ORM framework for database operations in Python. I hope this article will help you understand the Python ORM framework and open up a way for you to learn more in-depth ORM knowledge.

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