How to use channel in Go language?

In the Go language, channel is an important mechanism to achieve concurrent communication. It provides a way to pass data from one goroutine to another, thereby achieving data synchronization and collaboration. This article will introduce the basic usage of channels in Go language and some precautions.

1. Declaration and initialization of channel

In Go language, to declare a channel, you need to use the make() function. The sample code is as follows:

ch := make(chan int)

Here is a declaration that can A channel that passes integers. In addition, you can also specify the capacity of the channel by specifying the second parameter, for example:

ch := make(chan int, 10)

Here declares a channel that can transmit integers, and the capacity is 10. Capacity indicates the number of elements that the channel can cache. When the number of elements in the channel reaches the capacity, writing to the channel will be blocked until the elements in the channel are read. If the capacity is not specified, it means that the channel cannot cache elements, and each write to the channel will be blocked until the elements in the channel are read.

2. Read and write operations of channel

To write data to the channel, you can use the <- operator. The sample code is as follows:

ch <- 1

Write the integer 1 here into the channel. The <- operator can also be used to read data from the channel. The sample code is as follows:

x := <- ch

Here, data is read from the channel and stored in the variable x. It should be noted that if there is no data to read in the channel, the read operation will be blocked until there is data to read. If multiple goroutines perform read and write operations on a channel at the same time, data synchronization and collaboration can be achieved.

3. Closing of channel

In Go language, you can use the close() function to close a channel. The sample code is as follows:

close(ch)

Here a channel named ch is closed. channel. It should be noted that it is safe to read data from a closed channel. If there is still data to be read in the channel, the read operation will return buffered data; if there is no data to be read in the channel, the read operation will The fetch operation immediately returns a zero value and false. In addition, writing data to a closed channel will cause a panic error.

4. Notes on channel

When using channel, you need to pay attention to the following points:

(1) Do not close a closed channel.

(2) Writing data to a closed channel will cause a panic error.

(3) Do not perform read or write operations on nil channel.

(4) Reading and writing a channel at the same time can achieve data synchronization and collaboration.

(5) When writing data to a channel without buffer, it will be blocked until the data is read.

(6) When reading data from a channel that has no data written to it, it will be blocked until there is data to read.

(7) It is safe to read data from a closed channel.

5. Summary

In the Go language, channel is a very important concurrent communication mechanism. Through channels, data transfer and collaborative work between goroutines can be achieved. This article introduces the basic usage and precautions of channel, hoping to be helpful to everyone in practical work and study.

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