Why are coroutines in my Go program not running properly?

Go language is a concurrent language, and concurrency is its strength. Go's coroutines are the core mechanism for achieving concurrency. Using Go coroutines, you can run multiple coroutines in a lightweight thread to achieve high concurrency processing capabilities, thereby improving application performance. However, sometimes the coroutine in our Go program does not run properly. This article will explore the reasons that may cause the coroutine to fail to run properly.

1. Incorrect use of sync.Mutex or sync.RWMutex

When using sync.Mutex or sync.RWMutex (read-write lock) in a Go program, you need to pay attention to the correct The locking and unlocking process. If the lock-related code is not written correctly, it will lead to problems such as deadlock of the coroutine or resource competition, making the program unable to execute smoothly or running slowly. Generally speaking, using the defer keyword can correctly release the lock before the end of the function without forgetting to release the lock and causing a program error.

2. A large number of blocking operations lead to coroutine starvation

Go coroutines follow the number of GOMAXPROCS to work in parallel, and the blocking of one coroutine will hinder the coroutine that can already run. . If one or more coroutines are waiting for I/O or other blocking operations, it will cause other coroutines to starve and not get enough CPU time, thus reducing the execution efficiency of the program.

Solution: Use the concurrency model provided by the Go program for programming, such as goroutine, channel, select, etc. to implement synchronous or asynchronous communication to reduce coroutine blocking and avoid starvation.

3. There is a race condition in the read and write operations of global variables

Coroutines are executed concurrently, and the read and write operations of a shared variable require locking or communication. To ensure data consistency, otherwise race conditions will occur. A race condition refers to when multiple coroutines read and write the same resource at the same time in a concurrent environment, resulting in unpredictable program running results. This can usually be solved by locking or using a channel.

4. Improper handling of errors in coroutine execution

When writing Go code, you need to consider the robustness of the program. For errors encountered when the coroutine is running, you must Carry out appropriate processing, such as logging, rolling back transactions, exiting safely, etc. If the error of the coroutine is not handled properly, it will cause the program to terminate abnormally and affect the stability of the entire application.

5. CGO calls or system calls are blocked for too long

If there are CGO or system call operations in the Go program, these operations may block the execution of the coroutine. Affects program performance. This kind of problem can usually be solved by setting a timeout or using non-blocking I/O.

To sum up, coroutines that cannot run normally may be caused by some potential problems in the code. Developers can solve these problems through the concurrency mechanism provided by the Go language. Reasonable coroutine management and error handling can improve the robustness of the program, and can also improve the execution efficiency and parallelism of the program.

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