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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialJS中typeof与instanceof的区别

JavaScript 中 typeof 和 instanceof 常用来判断一个变量是否为空,或者是什么类型的。但它们之间还是有区别的:
typeof
typeof 是一个一元运算,放在一个运算数之前,运算数可以是任意类型。
它返回值是一个字符串,该字符串说明运算数的类型。typeof 一般只能返回如下几个结果:
number,boolean,string,function,object,undefined。我们可以使用 typeof 来获取一个变量是否存在,如 if(typeof a!="undefined"){alert("ok")},而不要去使用 if(a) 因为如果 a 不存在(未声明)则会出错,对于 Array,Null 等特殊对象使用 typeof 一律返回 object,这正是 typeof 的局限性。


instanceof
instance:实例,例子
a instanceof b?alert("true"):alert("false"); //a是b的实例?真:假
instanceof 用于判断一个变量是否某个对象的实例,如 var a=new Array();alert(a instanceof Array); 会返回 true,同时 alert(a instanceof Object) 也会返回 true;这是因为 Array 是 object 的子类。再如:function test(){};var a=new test();alert(a instanceof test) 会返回
谈到 instanceof 我们要多插入一个问题,就是 function 的 arguments,我们大家也许都认为 arguments 是一个 Array,但如果使用 instaceof 去测试会发现 arguments 不是一个 Array 对象,尽管看起来很像。
另外:
测试 var a=new Array();if (a instanceof Object) alert('Y');else alert('N');
得'Y’
但 if (window instanceof Object) alert('Y');else alert('N');
得'N'
所以,这里的 instanceof 测试的 object 是指 js 语法中的 object,不是指 dom 模型对象。
使用 typeof 会有些区别
alert(typeof(window)) 会得 object

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