<strong>filter()</strong>
方法使用指定的函数测试所有元素,并创建一个包含所有通过测试的元素的新数组。
<strong>filter()基本语法:</strong>
<code class="language-javascript">arr.filter(callback[, thisArg])</code>
<strong>filter()参数介绍:</strong>
参数名 | 说明 |
callback |
用来测试数组的每个元素的函数。调用时使用参数 (element, index, array)。 返回true表示保留该元素(通过测试),false则不保留。 |
thisArg |
可选。执行 callback 时的用于 this 的值。 |
<strong>filter()用法说明:</strong>
filter
为数组中的每个元素调用一次 callback
函数,并利用所有使得 callback
返回 true 或 等价于 true 的值 的元素创建一个新数组。callback
只会在已经赋值的索引上被调用,对于那些已经被删除或者从未被赋值的索引不会被调用。那些没有通过 callback
测试的元素会被跳过,不会被包含在新数组中。
callback
被调用时传入三个参数:
- 元素的值
- 元素的索引
- 被遍历的数组
如果为 filter
提供一个 thisArg
参数,则它会被作为 callback
被调用时的 this
值。否则,callback
的this
值在非严格模式下将是全局对象,严格模式下为 undefined
。
filter
不会改变原数组。
filter
遍历的元素范围在第一次调用 callback
之前就已经确定了。在调用 filter
之后被添加到数组中的元素不会被 filter
遍历到。如果已经存在的元素被改变了,则他们传入 callback
的值是 filter
遍历到它们那一刻的值。被删除或从来未被赋值的元素不会被遍历到。
<strong>filter()实例:</strong>
筛选排除掉所有的小值
下例使用 filter
创建了一个新数组,该数组的元素由原数组中值大于 10 的元素组成。
<code class="language-javascript">function isBigEnough(element) { return element >= 10; } var filtered = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44].filter(isBigEnough); // filtered is [12, 130, 44] document.write(filtered);</code>
在线运行
filter()
兼容旧环境
filter
被添加到 ECMA-262 标准第 5 版中,因此在某些实现环境中不被支持。可以把下面的代码插入到脚本的开头来解决此问题,该代码允许在那些没有原生支持 filter
的实现环境中使用它。该算法是 ECMA-262 第 5 版中指定的算法,假定 fn.call
等价于 <code>Function.prototype.call
的初始值,且 <code>Array.prototype.push
拥有它的初始值。
<code class="language-javascript">if (!Array.prototype.filter) { Array.prototype.filter = function(fun /*, thisArg */) { "use strict"; if (this === void 0 || this === null) throw new TypeError(); var t = Object(this); var len = t.length >>> 0; if (typeof fun !== "function") throw new TypeError(); var res = []; var thisArg = arguments.length >= 2 ? arguments[1] : void 0; for (var i = 0; i </code>

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