How to use JWT to implement OAuth2.0 authentication in Golang project

With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more applications need to implement user authentication and authorization. OAuth2.0, as one of the most popular authorization frameworks, is widely used in Web and mobile applications. JWT (JSON Web Token) is a widely used authentication standard that allows developers to securely transmit information between clients and servers. It is very simple to use JWT to implement OAuth2.0 authentication in Golang projects. Below we will introduce how to implement it.

1. Install JWT library

Before using JWT, you need to install the jwt-go library under Golang. Use the following command to complete the installation.

go get github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go

2. JWT authentication process

Before introducing how to use JWT to implement OAuth2.0 authentication, let us first familiarize ourselves with the basic concepts and working principles of JWT. As a standard authentication method, JWT has the following characteristics:

• It consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature
• Encoding method Encoding Base64Url
• enables secure data transmission in a cross-domain environment

The JWT authentication process is as follows:

• The client sends a request
• The server verifies the information requested by the client, generates a JWT token, and returns it to the client
• The client stores the JWT token locally and uses the JWT token as Authorization every time a request is sent. The header is sent to the server
• The server receives the request and verifies whether the JWT token is valid. If it is valid, it returns the request result, otherwise it returns an error message

3. Implementation JWT authentication

To use JWT to implement OAuth2.0 authentication in the Golang project, you need to complete the following steps:

• Create JWT token
• Verify JWT token

We will introduce how to implement it in turn.

3.1 Create JWT token

When generating a JWT token on the server side, three parameters need to be set: key, payload information (Claims) and expiration time (ExpiresAt).

Use the following code to create a JWT token:

import (
    "github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go"
)

func CreateJWT() (string, error) {
    // 设置密钥
    secret := []byte("secret")

    // 设置载荷信息
    token := jwt.New(jwt.SigningMethodHS256)
    claims := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
    claims["authorized"] = true
    claims["user_id"] = 1
    claims["exp"] = time.Now().Add(time.Minute * 30).Unix()

    // 创建JWT令牌
    tokenString, err := token.SignedString(secret)
    if err != nil {
        return "", err
    }

    return tokenString, nil
}

In the above code, we set the key to "secret", and the payload information includes user authorization status, user ID and expiration time. Finally create the JWT token using the token.SignedString method.

3.2 Verify JWT token

When the client sends a request, the JWT token needs to be stored locally, and the JWT token needs to be sent as the Authorization header in each request. Server. After receiving the request, the server needs to verify the validity of the JWT token.

Use the following code to verify the JWT token:

import (
    "github.com/dgrijalva/jwt-go"
)

func VerifyJWT(tokenString string) (jwt.MapClaims, error) {
    // 设置密钥
    secret := []byte("secret")

    // 解析JWT令牌
    token, err := jwt.Parse(tokenString, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
        if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
            return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])
        }

        return secret, nil
    })

    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }

    // 校验JWT令牌
    if claims, ok := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims); ok && token.Valid {
        return claims, nil
    }

    return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid token")
}

In the above code, we set the key to "secret", use the jwt.Parse method to parse the JWT token, and use token .Claims.(jwt.MapClaims) converts payload information into MapClaims type. Finally, we verify that the JWT token is valid.

4. Conclusion

Using JWT to implement OAuth2.0 authentication in Golang projects is very simple. You only need to complete the above two steps. As a standard authentication method, JWT has excellent cross-domain performance and security. It can provide us with an efficient, safe and convenient authentication method, which greatly improves development efficiency and user experience.

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