在Javascript中,Function是一种对象。Function对象中的this指向决定于函数被调用的方式。使用apply,call 与 bind 均可以改变函数对象中this的指向,在说区别之前还是先总结一下三者的相似之处:
1、都是用来改变函数的this对象的指向的。
2、第一个参数都是this要指向的对象。
3、都可以利用后续参数传参。
call方法:
语法:call([thisObj[,arg1[, arg2[, [,.argN]]]]])
定义:调用一个对象的一个方法,以另一个对象替换当前对象。
说明:call 方法可以用来代替另一个对象调用一个方法。call 方法可将一个函数的对象上下文从初始的上下文改变为由 thisObj 指定的新对象。
如果没有提供 thisObj 参数,那么 Global 对象被用作 thisObj。
apply:
语法:apply(thisObj,数组参数)
定义:应用某一个对象的一个方法,用另一个对象替换当前对象
说明:如果参数不是数组类型的,则会报一个TypeError错误。
bind:
在EcmaScript5中扩展了叫bind的方法(IE6,7,8不支持),bind与call很相似,,例如,可接受的参数都分为两部分,且第一个参数都是作为执行时函数上下文中的this的对象。不同点有两个:
①bind的返回值是函数;②后面的参数的使用也有区别;
先看例子一:
<code class="language-javascript">function add(a, b) { alert(a + b); } function sub(a, b) { alert(a - b); }</code>
对于,call,可以这么用:
add.call(sub,3,1);结果为4
对于,apply,可以这么用;
add.apply(sub,[3,1]);结果为4
对于,bind,可以这么用:
add.bind(sub)(3,1);结果为4
可以看到输出结果都一样,但是传参用法不一样;
再看例子二:
<code class="language-javascript">function jone(name,age,work){ this.name=name; this.age=age; this.work=work; this.say=function(msg){ alert(msg+",我叫"+this.name+",我今年"+this.age+"岁,我是"+this.work) } } var jack={ name:"jack", age:'24', work:"学生" } var pet=new jone(); pet.say.apply(jack,["欢迎您"]) console.log(this.name)</code>
对于call,需要这样:
pet.say.call(jack,"欢迎您!")
对于apply,需要这样:
pet.say.apply(jack,["欢迎您!"])
对于bind,需要这样:
pet.say.bind(jack,"欢迎您")()
此时输出console.log(this.name),发现this.name为jack,this上下文已经发生改变了.

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