What is an ORM in Python?

What is ORM in Python?

Python is a high-level programming language that is widely used in web development, scientific computing and other fields. In Python, ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a common technology, and its purpose is to simplify the process of operating databases.

What is ORM?

ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a programming technology. In programming, ORM implements database operations by mapping objects to relational databases. Simply put, ORM maps objects in object-oriented programs to tables in relational databases, allowing developers to use object-oriented syntax to perform database operations.

Why do you need ORM?

When dealing with complex relational databases, direct use of SQL for database operations causes many difficulties. ORM enables developers to use high-level programming languages ​​and object-oriented programming models to perform more convenient database operations. ORM also reduces detailed issues with various relational databases, significantly reducing development time and helping developers complete projects more efficiently.

Advantages of ORM

1. ORM makes the storage, update, deletion and other operations of data objects more convenient and faster;
2. ORM separates developers from different databases It is freed from the complexity of interaction;
3. ORM provides a higher level of abstraction level, thus ensuring the speed, reliability and maintainability of development;
4. ORM can not only be used for Firmware database also allows developers to easily switch between different databases.

ORM in Python

There are many frameworks for ORM in Python, the more popular ones are Django, SQLAlchemy, etc. The Django framework has its own built-in ORM, and also supports the use of third-party ORMs such as SQLAlchemy. Django's ORM is based on the Active Record model and strictly follows the MVC model. Django's ORM includes a variety of query methods, including exact, contains, lt, gt, in, range, etc., and also supports ORM custom query methods.

SQLAlchemy is a flexible ORM that supports advanced features of ORM, such as relationships and specific types of queries. At the heart of SQLAlchemy is the SQL Expression Language, a way to build SQL statements from Python code. SQLAlchemy's ORM supports a variety of databases, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.

Conclusion

ORM is a very important part of Python development. It allows developers to focus more on core business logic and improves the readability and maintainability of the code. High-quality ORM frameworks Django and SQLAlchemy in Python both provide reliable ORM solutions, allowing developers to quickly develop high-quality applications on different databases.

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