How to configure caching of static files in nginx

1. Preparation matters

I think you need a properly working nginx software: install nginx, php 7 and mysql 5.7 (lemp) on ubuntu 16.04 lts.

2 Configure nginx

You can refer to the expires instruction manual to set the http header expiration time. This tag can be placed in http {}, server {}, location {} and other statement blocks or conditional statements in location {} statement blocks. Generally, you will use the expires directive in the location statement block to control your static files, like the following:

location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
  expires 365d;
}

In the above example, all suffix names are .jpg, .jpeg, .png, .gif, .ico, .css and .js files will expire 365 days after the browser accesses the file. Therefore you need to ensure that the location {} statement block only contains static files that can be cached by the browser.

Then restart the nginx process:

/etc/init.d/nginx reload

You can use the following time settings in the expires directive:

• off Make expires and cache-control headers unchangeable.

• epoch Set the expires header to January 1, 1970 00:00:01.

• max Settings expires The header is December 31, 2037 23:59:59, setting cache-control The maximum survival time is 10 years

• The time without @ prefix means that this is an expiration time related to the browser access time. You can specify a negative value for the time, which will set the cache-control header to no-cache. For example: expires 10d or expires 14w3d.

• The time prefixed with @ specifies the time to expire at a certain time of the day, the format is hh or hh:mm, the range of h is 0 to 24, m The range is 0 to 59, for example: expires @15:34.
  

You can use the following time units:

• ms: milliseconds

• s: Seconds

• m: Minutes

• # #h: hour

• d: day

• w: week

• m: month (30 days)

• ##y

  : year (365 days)
  

For example:

1h30m

means one hour and thirty minutes, 1y6m means one year and six months. Note that if you use a header that will expire long in the future, you will need to change the component's file name when the component is modified. Therefore, it is a good idea to specify versions of files. For example, if you have a javascript.js file and you want to modify it, you can add a version number after the modified file name. Then the browser will download the file. If you don't change the file name, the browser will load the (old) file from the cache.

In addition to setting the

expires

header based on the browser access time (such as expires 10d), you can also pass modified ## in front of the time #Keyword, sets the baseline of the expires header to the time the file was modified (please note that this is only valid for the actual file stored on the hard disk).

expires modified 10d;

3 Test

To test whether your configuration is valid, you can use the network analysis function in the developer tools of Firefox, and then use Firefox Access a static file (such as an image). In the output header information, you should be able to see the
expires

header and the

max-age marked cache-control header (max -age tag contains a value in seconds, for example 31536000 refers to the next year)

The above is the detailed content of How to configure caching of static files in nginx. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!