Concurrent programming and synchronization technology in Go language

In the field of computer science, concurrency is often needed to achieve efficient program processing, and Go language is a widely used concurrent programming language. The Go language has built-in rich concurrent programming and synchronization technologies, allowing developers to easily write efficient and scalable concurrent programs.

This article will briefly introduce concurrent programming and synchronization technology in Go language, including coroutines, channels, mutex locks, read-write locks, and condition variables.

1. Coroutine

Coroutine in Go language is a lightweight thread that can execute different tasks concurrently in the same execution thread. Therefore, Go's coroutines support the goals of high concurrency and high efficiency. In the Go language, coroutines consist of the keyword "go" and function calls. For example:

go func(){…}()

This statement will create a new coroutine and execute the function.

2. Channel

Channel is a very important concurrent programming mechanism in Go language, used to transfer data between coroutines. Channels are divided into ordinary channels and buffered channels. Ordinary channels are synchronous channels, and sending and receiving operations are performed simultaneously at both ends of the channel. A buffered channel is an asynchronous channel, and send and receive operations occur asynchronously at both ends of the channel.

Channels can be declared and initialized by:

var ch chan int
ch = make(chan int)

or:

ch := make(chan int)

The basic format of send operation and receive operation is as follows:

ch <- x // Send data x to channel ch
x = <- ch // Receive data from channel ch and assign it to x

If the channel is full or empty, the send or receive operation will block the current coroutine.

3. Mutex lock

Mutex lock is used to protect access to shared resources to avoid race conditions when multiple coroutines access the same data at the same time. In Go language, mutex locks are provided through the sync package. When using a mutex lock, you need to declare a mutex object first, then lock it before accessing the shared variable, and unlock it after the access is completed. For example:

var mutex sync.Mutex
mutex.Lock()
// Access shared variables in the critical section
mutex.Unlock()

4. Read-write lock

When the ratio of reading to writing is large, the efficiency of the mutex lock will be very low. Go language provides read-write locks, which can better balance reading and writing operations. Read-write locks have two states: read lock and write lock. When a frequently read resource is write-locked, other coroutines requesting read locks will be blocked. The use of read-write locks is similar to mutex locks:

var rwmutex sync.RWMutex
rwmutex.RLock() // Read lock
// Read shared variables
rwmutex.RUnlock () // Unlock read lock

rwmutex.Lock() // Write lock
// Write shared variable
rwmutex.Unlock() // Unlock write lock

五, Condition variable

Condition variable is a data structure used for synchronization between coroutines. It is used for some coroutines to wait for or notify other coroutines. Condition variables are provided by the sync package. To use condition variables, you must first declare a Cond object, and then implement waiting and waking up of the coroutine through the Wait and Signal methods. For example:

var mutex sync.Mutex
cond := sync.NewCond(&mutex)

cond.L.Lock() // Get lock
for len(queue) == 0 {

cond.Wait() // 等待通知

}
//Perform other operations
cond.L.Unlock() //Unlock

//Send notifications in other coroutines
cond.L.Lock()
Queue.Push(x)
cond.Signal() // Send notification
cond.L.Unlock()

Built-in through Go language Concurrent programming and synchronization technology, we can easily write efficient, scalable concurrent programs. These techniques can be used in any application that requires concurrent processing, making the program easier to write and maintain. In the process of in-depth learning of the Go language, mastering concurrent programming and synchronization technology is a very important part.

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