How to use OAuth2 with php?

OAuth2 is a widely used open standard protocol used to authorize access to user resources without transmitting usernames and passwords directly to third-party applications, such as social networks such as Google, Facebook and Twitter.

In PHP, you can use ready-made OAuth2 libraries to easily implement the OAuth2 flow, or you can build your own library to implement it.

In this article, we will focus on using the ready-made OAuth2 library, how to use the OAuth2 protocol to obtain user authorization and access their resources.

1. Install OAuth2 library

First, we need to install the available OAuth2 library. Currently, there are several different OAuth2 libraries available for PHP development, including php-oauth2-client, thephpleague/oauth2-client, and bshaffer/oauth2-server-php, among others. In this article, we will use thephpleague/oauth2-client as our OAuth2 library.

To install this library you can use Composer, just run the following command in the terminal:

composer require league/oauth2-client

2. Create OAuth2 Client Object

Once we have installed the OAuth2 library, we can now create an OAuth2 client object. This client will communicate with the service provider according to the OAuth2 protocol and maintain the session state between us and the service provider.

In this example, we will use GitHub as the OAuth2 provider. To create a client object, use the following code:

$clientId = 'your_client_id'; // Your GitHub Client ID
$clientSecret = 'your_client_secret'; // Your GitHub Client Secret
$redirectUri = 'http://example.com/oauth2callback'; // Your redirect URI

$provider = new LeagueOAuth2ClientProviderGithub([
    'clientId'          => $clientId,
    'clientSecret'      => $clientSecret,
    'redirectUri'       => $redirectUri,
]);

The above code will create an OAuth2 client object named $provider, which will be used to access the OAuth2 provider on GitHub. Among them, we need to provide the client ID, client secret and callback URI assigned to us by GitHub.

3. Get the authorization URL

In OAuth2, the authorization URL is used to guide the user through the OAuth2 authorization process. We need to redirect users to the authorization URL so they can authorize our application before accessing the GitHub resources our application requires.

To get the authorization URL, use the following code:

$authorizationUrl = $provider->getAuthorizationUrl();

The above code will return the authorization URL to which we need to redirect the user.

header('Location: ' . $authorizationUrl);
exit;

4. Get Access Token

Once the user successfully authorizes OAuth2 on GitHub, they will be redirected back to the callback URL provided by our application. At this point, we need to obtain an access token to subsequently access the GitHub resources that require authorization.

Next, we can use the following code to obtain the access token:

$accessToken = $provider->getAccessToken('authorization_code', [
    'code' => $_GET['code']
]);

The above code will use the authorization code to request the access token and return the $accessToken object. This $accessToken object contains the access token and its related properties, such as expiration time and refresh token, etc.

5. Use access token to access GitHub resources

Now that we have obtained the access token, we can use it to access GitHub resources that require authorization, such as obtaining user information Or read its repository list.

Use the following code to obtain user information:

$user = $provider->getResourceOwner($accessToken);
echo 'Hello, ' . $user->getName();

The above code will use the access token to call the resource owner API on GitHub and return the $user object.

Please note that the $user object in the above code will return the user's name and other related properties, which we can use to get information about the user and other GitHub resources.

6. Refresh Access Token

Access tokens may expire or become invalid, we need to check their status at runtime and re-refresh the token as needed.

Use the following code to check and refresh the access token:

if ($accessToken->hasExpired()) {
    $newAccessToken = $provider->getAccessToken('refresh_token', [
        'refresh_token' => $accessToken->getRefreshToken()
    ]);
}

// Use $newAccessToken to access protected resources

The above code will check whether the access token has expired and use the refresh_token attribute to request a new $accessToken object, which contains The refreshed access token and other related properties.

So far, we have learned how to use thephpleague/oauth2-client library to implement the OAuth2 process. We can now use it to access various OAuth2 providers such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, and GitHub, among others.

Summary

In this article, we learned how to use the OAuth2 library to build an OAuth2 client and use the client to obtain authorization and access protected resources. We also learned how to check and refresh access tokens to ensure we always have access to the resources we need.

Please note that the OAuth2 protocol has complex authorization processes and implementation details, so care and caution are required when developing OAuth2 clients. However, using off-the-shelf OAuth2 libraries, we can make this process relatively simple and straightforward.

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