Sub-library, table and horizontal expansion in Go language

With the continuous development of Internet applications and the increasing amount of data, the traditional single database and single table architecture can no longer meet the needs of large applications. At the same time, the efficiency of data storage and processing has also become a bottleneck. Therefore, sharding databases, sharding tables and horizontal expansion have become the preferred solutions for many enterprises. In this trend, Go language has also become one of the popular solutions.

1. Sub-database and sub-table

1. Definition of sub-database and sub-table

Sub-database and sub-table refers to splitting a database into multiple Independent databases and creating the same table structure in different databases reduces the amount of data stored in each database, thereby improving access and query efficiency.

2. Advantages of sharding databases and sharding tables

(1) Improving performance: After splitting, the amount of data is reduced and query efficiency is improved.

(2) Enhance scalability: Horizontal expansion can be achieved by increasing the number of databases.

(3) Simplified maintenance: After splitting, each database is only responsible for part of the data, and maintenance is relatively simple.

3. Implementation of sub-database and sub-table

There are many ways to implement sub-database and sub-table, the most commonly used ones are vertical split and horizontal split.

(1) Vertical split:

means splitting the fields in the table according to business logic and putting related fields together to form a new table. This method can adapt to most demand scenarios and can significantly improve query performance and reduce server load.

(2) Horizontal split:

means to distribute the data in the table to multiple databases according to a certain formula, thereby reducing the amount of data in a single database and improving query efficiency. This method is much more difficult than vertical splitting, and it also brings more complexity.

4. Implementation of sub-database and table in Go language

In Go language, there are many ways to implement sub-database and table. The commonly used ones are sharding-sphere and go-xorm library. Sharding-sphere is a domestic open source solution for sharding databases and tables, supporting multiple languages ​​and being protocol compatible; go-xorm is an ORM library in the Go language, supporting MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite and other databases. It is very convenient to introduce sharding databases and tables. . Both libraries have the characteristics of high stability and strong scalability.

2. Horizontal expansion

1. Definition of horizontal expansion

Horizontal expansion refers to relying on increasing the number of servers to provide higher load capacity and achieve greater High efficiency. In horizontal scaling, each new server is considered part of the entire system, and each server is a peer to each other. The increase in the number of servers can be achieved by increasing hardware resources, distributed architecture, etc.

2. Advantages of horizontal expansion

(1) High availability: By increasing the number of servers, the high availability of the entire system can be guaranteed. Even if a single server fails, it will not Affect the normal operation of the entire system.

(2) Performance scalability: By increasing the number of servers, linear performance expansion can be achieved.

(3) Cost-effectiveness: Through horizontal expansion, elastic expansion and contraction can be achieved according to demand, reducing unnecessary hardware investment.

3. Horizontal expansion implementation in Go language

In Go language, there are many ways to implement horizontal expansion. The most common is through the use of distributed frameworks.

(1) Kubernetes:

Kubernetes is an open source container orchestration platform that can be used to build, deploy and manage large container clusters. It provides excellent container scheduling and management functions and can easily achieve horizontal expansion.

(2) etcd:

etcd is a distributed key-value storage system that can store some important global configuration information and metadata. In horizontal expansion scenarios, etcd can be used to manage service registration and discovery to easily achieve load balancing.

(3) Apache Zookeeper:

Apache Zookeeper is an open source distributed coordination service that can be used for configuration management, distributed locks, master selection and other functions. In the scenario of horizontal expansion, Zookeeper can be used to realize service registration and discovery and realize dynamic scheduling of services.

Summary:

Sub-database, sub-table and horizontal expansion are essential building blocks for modern Internet applications. In the Go language ecosystem, there are many excellent implementation solutions to choose from, which can flexibly cope with different usage scenarios. At the same time, many factors need to be considered during implementation, including data consistency, distributed transactions, service governance and other issues.

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