How to deploy redis cluster in k8s

redis cluster construction

1.1 Use redis-cli to create a cluster

# 查看redis的pod对应的ip
kubectl get pod -n jxbp -o wide
>NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP               NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
 redis-0                          1/1     Running   0          18h    10.168.235.196   k8s-master   <none>           <none>
 redis-1                          1/1     Running   0          18h    10.168.235.225   k8s-master   <none>           <none>
 redis-2                          1/1     Running   0          18h    10.168.235.239   k8s-master   <none>           <none>
 redis-3                          1/1     Running   0          18h    10.168.235.198   k8s-master   <none>           <none>
 redis-4                          1/1     Running   0          18h    10.168.235.222   k8s-master   <none>           <none>
 redis-5                          1/1     Running   0          18h    10.168.235.238   k8s-master   <none>           <none>
# 进入到redis-0容器
kubectl exec -it redis-0 /bin/bash -n jxbp
# 创建master节点（redis-0、redis-2、redis-4）
redis-cli --cluster create 10.168.235.196:6379 10.168.235.239:6379 10.168.235.222:6379 -a jxbd
    > Warning: Using a password with &#39;-a&#39; or &#39;-u&#39; option on the command line interface may not be safe.
    >>> Performing hash slots allocation on 3 nodes...
    Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460
    Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922
    Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383
    M: bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 10.168.235.196:6379
       slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
    M: 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 10.168.235.239:6379
       slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
    M: a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 10.168.235.222:6379
       slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
    Can I set the above configuration? (type &#39;yes&#39; to accept): yes
    >>> Nodes configuration updated
    >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node
    >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster
    Waiting for the cluster to join
    .
    >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 10.168.235.196:6379)
    M: bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 10.168.235.196:6379
       slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master
    M: a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 10.168.235.222:6379
       slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master
    M: 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 10.168.235.239:6379
       slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master
    [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.
    >>> Check for open slots...
    >>> Check slots coverage...
    [OK] All 16384 slots covered.

Note that the master node above will generate the corresponding node id: bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638, a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb21 4729 , 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e, used to create slave nodes.

# 为每个master节点添加slave节点
# 10.168.235.196:6379的位置可以是任意一个master节点,一般我们用第一个master节点即redis-0的ip地址
# --cluster-master-id参数指定该salve节点对应的master节点的id
# -a参数指定redis的密码
# redis-0的master节点，添加redis-1为slave节点
redis-cli --cluster add-node 10.168.235.225:6379 10.168.235.196:6379 --cluster-slave --cluster-master-id bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 -a jxbd
# redis-2的master节点，添加redis-3为slave节点
redis-cli --cluster add-node 10.168.235.198:6379 10.168.235.239:6379 --cluster-slave --cluster-master-id a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 -a jxbd
# redis-4的master节点，添加redis-5为slave节点
redis-cli --cluster add-node 10.168.233.238:6379 10.168.235.222:6379 --cluster-slave --cluster-master-id 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e -a jxbd

The following information is displayed, which means the addition is successful:

[OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration.

[OK] All 16384 slots covered.

[OK] New node added correctly.

Pitfall:

At first, I wanted to use the headless domain name to create a redis cluster, so that there would be no need to update the IP after the node restarts, but redis does not It supports the use of domain names, so it can only go around in a circle and return to the fixed IP method, which is very inconsistent with the container environment.

1.2redis cluster status verification (optional)

• cluster info

# 进入到redis客户端，集群需要带上-c，有密码需要带上-a
redis-cli -c -a jxbd
# 查看redis集群信息
127.0.0.1:6379> cluster info
cluster_state:ok
cluster_slots_assigned:16384
cluster_slots_ok:16384
cluster_slots_pfail:0
cluster_slots_fail:0
cluster_known_nodes:6
cluster_size:3
cluster_current_epoch:3
cluster_my_epoch:1
cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:7996
cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:7713
cluster_stats_messages_sent:15709
cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:7710
cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:7996
cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:3
cluster_stats_messages_received:15709

Note:

Now you can access the Redis service from any Pod in the cluster. Earlier we created a headless Service. The kubernetes cluster will assign a DNS record to the service in the format: $(pod.name).$(headless server.name).${namespace}.svc.cluster.local, each time the service name is accessed, it will be directly Enter the redis node. svc.cluster.localcan be omitted. For example:

redis-cli -c -a jxbd -h redis-0.redis-hs.jxbp -p 6379

• cluster nodes

# 查看redis集群状态
127.0.0.1:6379> cluster nodes
70220b45e978d0cb3df19b07e55d883b49f4127d 10.168.235.238:6379@16379 slave 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 0 1670306292673 2 connected
122b89a51a9bf005e3d47b6d721c65621d2e9a75 10.168.235.225:6379@16379 slave bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 0 1670306290558 1 connected
c2afcb9e83038a47d04bf328ead8033788548234 10.168.235.198:6379@16379 slave a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 0 1670306291162 3 connected
4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 10.168.235.239:6379@16379 master - 0 1670306291561 2 connected 5461-10922
bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 10.168.235.196:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1670306291000 1 connected 0-5460
a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 10.168.235.222:6379@16379 master - 0 1670306292166 3 connected 10923-16383

You can see 3 master and 3 slave nodes, all in the connected status.

• get, set verification

# 会找到对应的槽进行set操作，去到10.168.235.222节点
set name1 llsydn
-> Redirected to slot [12933] located at 10.168.235.222:6379
OK

# set name1成功
10.168.235.222:6379> set name1 llsydn
OK

# get name1成功
10.168.235.222:6379> get name1
"llsydn"

The master node performs the set operation and the slave node replicates. Master-slave replication

1.3 Restart the pod and verify the cluster (optional)

# redis-1未重启之前
10.168.235.239:6379> cluster nodes
4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 10.168.235.239:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1670307319000 2 connected 5461-10922
bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 10.168.235.196:6379@16379 master - 0 1670307319575 1 connected 0-5460
70220b45e978d0cb3df19b07e55d883b49f4127d 10.168.235.238:6379@16379 slave 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 0 1670307318000 2 connected
122b89a51a9bf005e3d47b6d721c65621d2e9a75 10.168.235.225:6379@16379 slave bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 0 1670307319781 1 connected
c2afcb9e83038a47d04bf328ead8033788548234 10.168.235.198:6379@16379 slave a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 0 1670307319071 3 connected
a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 10.168.235.222:6379@16379 master - 0 1670307318000 3 connected 10923-16383

# 重启redis-1
kubectl delete pod redis-1 -n jxbp
pod "redis-1" deleted

# redis-1重启之后
10.168.235.239:6379> cluster nodes
4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 10.168.235.239:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1670307349000 2 connected 5461-10922
bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 10.168.235.196:6379@16379 master - 0 1670307349988 1 connected 0-5460
70220b45e978d0cb3df19b07e55d883b49f4127d 10.168.235.238:6379@16379 slave 4367e4a45e557406a3112e7b79f82a44d4ce485e 0 1670307349000 2 connected
122b89a51a9bf005e3d47b6d721c65621d2e9a75 10.168.235.232:6379@16379 slave bcae187137a9b30d7dab8fe0d8ed4a46c6e39638 0 1670307350089 1 connected
c2afcb9e83038a47d04bf328ead8033788548234 10.168.235.198:6379@16379 slave a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 0 1670307350000 3 connected
a2cec159bbe2efa11a8f60287b90927bcb214729 10.168.235.222:6379@16379 master - 0 1670307348000 3 connected 10923-16383

You can see the redis-1 node after the restart. Although the IP has changed, the redis cluster can still be recognized. To the new IP, the cluster is still normal.

10.168.235.225 ---> 10.168.235.232

1.4 Create Service Service

Earlier we created a Headless Service for implementing StatefulSet, but the Service does not have a Cluster IP and therefore cannot be used for external access. Therefore, we need to create a Service specifically to provide access and load balancing to the Redis cluster.

You can use ClusterIP, NodePort here. Here, I am using NodePort.

vi redis-ss.yaml

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: redis
  name: redis-ss
  namespace: jxbp
spec:
  ports:
    - name: imdgss
      port: 6379
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 6379
      nodePort: 6379
  selector:
    k8s.kuboard.cn/layer: db
    k8s.kuboard.cn/name: redis
  type: NodePort

Create a service named: redis-ss.

Expose port 6379 in the K8S cluster, and load balance the pods with labels name being k8s.kuboard.cn/name: redis.

Then in the K8S cluster, you can access the redis cluster through redis-ss:6379.

kubectl get service -n jxbp

>NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                                         AGE
redis-hs        ClusterIP   None            <none>        6379/TCP                                                        76m
redis-ss        NodePort    10.96.54.201    <none>        6379:6379/TCP                                                   2s

1.5 Springboot project configuration

spring.redis.cluster.nodes=redis-ss:6379

1.6 Analysis of related questions

At this point, you may be wondering why the stable flag is not used and the Redis Pod can also fail normally. What about transfer? This involves the mechanism of Redis itself. Because each node in the Redis cluster has its own NodeId (saved in the automatically generated nodes.conf), and the NodeId will not change with the IP. This is actually a fixed network symbol. In other words, even if a Redis Pod is restarted due to a reboot, the Pod will still use the saved NodeId to maintain its identity. You can view the redis-0 node configuration file nodes.conf

vi /opt/nfs/pv1/nodes.conf
> f6d4993467a4ab1f3fa806f1122edd39f6466394 10.168.235.228:6379@16379 slave ebed24c8fca9ebc16ceaaee0c2bc2e3e09f7b2c0 0 1670316449064 2 connected
ebed24c8fca9ebc16ceaaee0c2bc2e3e09f7b2c0 10.168.235.240:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1670316450000 2 connected 5461-10922
955e1236652c2fcb11f47c20a43149dcd1f1f92b 10.168.235.255:6379@16379 master - 0 1670316449565 1 connected 0-5460
574c40485bb8f6cfaf8618d482efb06f3e323f88 10.168.235.224:6379@16379 slave 955e1236652c2fcb11f47c20a43149dcd1f1f92b 0 1670316449000 1 connected
91bd3dc859ce51f1ed0e7cbd07b13786297bd05b 10.168.235.237:6379@16379 slave fe0b74c5e461aa22d4d782f891b78ddc4306eed4 0 1670316450672 3 connected
fe0b74c5e461aa22d4d782f891b78ddc4306eed4 10.168.235.253:6379@16379 master - 0 1670316450068 3 connected 10923-16383
vars currentEpoch 3 lastVoteEpoch 0

through NFS. As above, the first column is NodeId, which is stable; the second column is IP and port information, which may change.

Here, we introduce two usage scenarios of NodeId:

When a Slave Pod is disconnected and reconnected, the IP changes, but the Master finds that its NodeId is still the same, so it thinks that the Slave is still the same as before. Slave.

If a Master Pod is disconnected, other Slaves in the cluster will elect a new Master. If the old Master comes online and the cluster finds that its NodeId is still the same, it will become the slave node of the new Master.

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