CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is an integral part of web design. It can help you beautify web pages, control layout and add interactive effects. Here are some useful tips and hints to help you learn how to use CSS.
Step One: Learn CSS Syntax
CSS syntax consists of selectors and declaration blocks. A selector is an identifier used to select an HTML element to which a style should be applied. A declaration block contains a set of properties and their corresponding values that define the style of the selected element.
For example, the following CSS code can define the color of all paragraph elements as red:
p {
color: red;
}In this example, p is the selector, color is the attribute, red is the value. Notice the block of declarations enclosed in curly braces.
Step 2: Use a style sheet
You can embed a CSS style sheet in the HTML file, or you can link the CSS style sheet to the HTML file as a separate file. Using a separate file is a better option because it makes the code clearer and easier to understand, and the same code can be reused in multiple HTML files.
For example, here is a simple CSS stylesheet code that changes the text color of all paragraphs to blue:
p {
color: blue;
}If you want to save this stylesheet as a file, you can Copy it into a text editor and save the file with the .css suffix.
Step Three: Learn Common Properties
There are many commonly used CSS properties, some of the most commonly used ones are listed below:
-
color: used to set text color. -
background-color: used to set the background color. -
font-size: Used to set the font size. -
font-family: used to set the font. -
margin: Used to set the blank area around the element. -
padding: used to set the blank area inside the element. -
border: used to set the element border.
Step 4: Make a simple layout
CSS can help you control the page layout. Common layouts include centered, float, grid, and flexbox. You can use the display property in CSS to control how an element is displayed.
For example, the following CSS code can center an element:
div {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}Here, display: flex makes the element automatically become a flex box, justify- content: center and align-items: center are both used to center align content vertically and horizontally.
Step 5: Use pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements
CSS pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements provide some useful functions, such as hover effects, access links and added content. Some commonly used pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements are listed below:
-
:hover: Mouseover effect. -
:active: Mouse press effect. -
:visited: Visited link effect. -
:nth-child(): Select the child elements of the specified element. -
::beforeand::after: Add content before or after the element content.
For example, the following CSS code can add an underline effect to all links:
a:hover, a:active {
text-decoration: underline;
}Step 6: Use the CSS framework
The CSS framework is a set of Reusing CSS code can speed up the web design process. One of the most used frameworks is Bootstrap, which provides styling and layout for common web components.
To use Bootstrap, just link to the Bootstrap stylesheet in your HTML file and use the classes and tags in the HTML as usual:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Bootstrap Example</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1 id="Hello-world">Hello, world!</h1>
<p>This is an example using Bootstrap.</p>
<button class="btn btn-primary">Click me!</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>In this example, container The class provides a responsive layout, and the btn and btn-primary classes provide a beautiful button.
Step 7: Practice
Learning and understanding CSS, just like learning programming, requires practice. It is recommended to find some practice projects for yourself, such as making a simple website or copying a ready-made website style.
Eventually, as you continue to learn and practice, you will be able to skillfully use CSS to customize web pages to help you achieve your design goals.
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