golang integer division

Golang is an efficient programming language with features such as cross-platform, concurrent programming and powerful type inference. Integer division is a basic operation when writing programs. This article will explore various methods and details of integer division in Golang.

First of all, we need to understand the value range of integers. In Golang, the length of int type depends on the operating system and architecture. On a 32-bit operating system, the length of the int type is 4 bytes (32 bits), and the value range is -2147483648 to 2147483647. On a 64-bit operating system, the length of the int type is 8 bytes (64 bits), and the value range is -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807.

In Golang, integer division is divided into two types: integer division and floating-point division. The result of integer division is of integer type, and the result of floating point division is of floating point type.

Next, let’s introduce integer division in Golang respectively.

1. Division operator (/)

When using the division operator (/) for division, Golang will try its best to maintain the accuracy of the result. If both integers are positive or negative, the result is also an integer. However, if one of the two integers is negative, the result is rounded toward zero (the decimal part is truncated). For example:

fmt.Println(5 / 2)   // 输出 2
fmt.Println(5 / -2)  // 输出 -2
fmt.Println(-5 / 2)  // 输出 -2
fmt.Println(-5 / -2) // 输出 2

We will find that the result of the division operator is not the same as what we expected. This is because Golang performs truncation operations. If we need to get exact results, we can use floating point division.

2. Floor division (math.FloorDiv)

Floor division means dividing two integers and rounding down to the nearest integer. In Golang, use math.FloorDiv function to perform floor division operation.

fmt.Println(math.FloorDiv(5, 2))   // 输出 2
fmt.Println(math.FloorDiv(5, -2))  // 输出 -3
fmt.Println(math.FloorDiv(-5, 2))  // 输出 -3
fmt.Println(math.FloorDiv(-5, -2)) // 输出 2

Using floor division can get accurate results, but you need to be careful when dividing by negative numbers, because floor division will round down to the nearest integer.

3. Direct type conversion

Direct type conversion is a simple and crude way, but some details need to be paid attention to. For example, coerce two integers into floating point numbers and then divide them, or coerce the division result into an integer type, etc.

var a, b int
a = 5
b = 2
fmt.Println(float64(a) / float64(b)) // 输出 2.5
fmt.Println(int(a / b))              // 输出 2
fmt.Println(int(float64(a) / float64(b))) // 输出 2

Using direct type conversion can obtain accurate results, but overflow or precision loss is prone to occur during the type conversion process.

In short, integer division is a basic operation in programming. In Golang, we can use the division operator, floor division function or direct type conversion to implement integer division. Different methods have different details and application scenarios and need to be used flexibly. At the same time, we also need to pay attention to the rounding problem when dividing negative numbers to obtain accurate results.

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