How to set character set in mysql

1. The concept of character set

Character set standardizes the mapping relationship between codes and characters, and specifies the encoding method of computer characters. The character set settings in different database systems may be different, and different character sets have unique characteristics and advantages. Compared with Latin1/Latin7, GB2312/GBK/GB18030 has greater advantages in processing Chinese characters.

In MySQL, character set refers to the way to encode character data, including databases, tables and columns. In layman's terms, a character set refers to the way used to store and process characters and strings.

The character sets supported in MySQL mainly include the following: ASCII, GBK, GB2312, UTF-8, UTF-16 and ISO-8859, etc. Among them, UTF-8 is the most commonly used character set in MySQL because It supports multiple languages, has flexible encoding formats, saves space and other benefits.

2. How to set the MySQL character set

1. Query the character set supported by MySQL

In the MySQL database, you can Query the character sets supported by the database through commands as follows:

SHOW CHARACTER SET;

This command can list the various character sets available for MySQL, for example:

##dec8DEC West Europeandec8_swedish_ci1cp850DOS West Europeancp850_general_ci1hp8HP West Europeanhp8_english_ci1koi8r KOI8-R Relcom Russiankoi8r_general_ci1latin1iso-8859-1 West Europeanlatin1_swedish_ci1latin2iso-8859-2 Central Europeanlatin2_general_ci1swe77bit Swedishswe7_swedish_ci1asciiUS ASCIIascii_general_ci1##ujissjishebrewtis620euckrkoi8ugb2312##greekiso-8859- 7 Greekgreek_general_ci1cp1250Windows Central Europeancp1250_general_ci1GBK Simplified Chineseiso-8859-9 Turkish##armscii8ARMSCII-8 Armenian armscii8_general_ci1utf8UTF-8 Unicodeutf8_general_ci 3ucs2_general_cicp866_general_ci##keybcs2DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovakkeybcs2_general_ci1macceMac Central Europeanmacce_general_ci1macromanMac West Europeanmacroman_general_ci1cp852DOS Central Europeancp852_general_ci1141##utf16UTF -16 Unicodeutf16_general_ci4utf16leUTF-16LE Unicodeutf16le_general_ci4cp1256Windows Arabiccp1256_general_ci1cp1257Windows Balticcp1257_general_ci1

Charset	Description	Default collation	Maxlen
big5	Big5 Traditional Chinese	big5_chinese_ci	2
EUC-JP Japanese	ujis_japanese_ci	3
Shift-JIS Japanese	sjis_japanese_ci	2
iso-8859-8 Hebrew	hebrew_general_ci	1
TIS620 Thai	tis620_thai_ci	1
EUC-KR Korean	euckr_korean_ci	2
KOI8-U Ukrainian	koi8u_general_ci	1
GB2312 Simplified Chinese	gb2312_chinese_ci	2
			##gbk
gbk_chinese_ci	2		latin5
latin5_turkish_ci	1
		##ucs2	UCS-2 Unicode
2		cp866	DOS Russian
1
	##latin7	iso-8859-13 Baltic	latin7_general_ci
	utf8mb4	UTF-8 Unicode	utf8mb4_general_ci
	cp1251	Windows Cyrillic	cp1251_general_ci
##utf32	UTF-32 Unicode	utf32_general_ci	4
binary	Binary pseudo charset	#binary	1
geostd8	GEOSTD8 Georgian	geostd8_general_ci	1
cp932	SJIS for Windows Japanese	cp932_japanese_ci	2
eucjpms	UJIS for Windows Japanese	eucjpms_japanese_ci	3
Set the character set of the database When we create a new MySQL database, we can set the default character set of the database so that all tables in the database All character sets will use this character set. The specific steps are as follows: 2.1 First check the character sets supported by MySQL mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET; 2.2 When creating a new database, add a character set setting Set CREATE DATABASE new_db CHARACTER SET utf8; or The following sentence is rewritten: "Create a new database called 'new_db' with a default character set of utf8." where utf8 is one of the commonly used character sets. Set the character set of the MySQL table In order to ensure that the table can store and display data correctly, we need to set the character encoding for the table. In MySQL, the character set of a table can be set when creating the table. Already created tables can be modified using the ALTER command. 3.1 Set the character set when creating the table CREATE TABLE new_table ( id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; The storage engine used to set the table is ENGINE=InnoDB, and the default character set used to set the table is CHARSET=utf8. 3.2 Modify the character set of the table ALTER TABLE old_table CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8; or ALTER TABLE old_table MODIFY COLUMN name VARCHAR(50) CHARACTER SET utf8; Among them, the CONVERT TO command is used to modify the default character set of the table, and the MODIFY COLUMN command is used to modify the character set of a column in the table. Set the character set for MySQL connection When connecting to the MySQL server, you can also set the character set for the operation. The character set setting, often called "client character set", refers to the character set used for data transmitted on the client side. 4.1 View the character set of the current connection mysql> SELECT @@character_set_connection; 4.2 Modify the character set of the connection SET character_set_connection = utf8; or mysql --default-character-set=utf8 -u root -p Among them, the SET command can modify the default character set of the connection, --default-character The -set command can specify the client character set. Other character set settings In some cases, in order to handle some less common data storage and conversion requirements, it may be necessary to enable Additional character set settings for MySQL. In this case, you may need to modify the MySQL configuration file-my.cnf file with administrator privileges. The modification method is as follows: 5.1 Find the my.cnf file In Linux, the my.cnf file is usually stored in the /etc/my.cnf or /etc/mysql/my.cnf directory . In Windows, the my.cnf file is usually stored in the installation directory of the MySQL database. 5.2 Modify the my.cnf file Add the following statement in the my.cnf file: [mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' Among them, the character_set_server command is used to set the listed character set, and the init_connect command is used to automatically set the character set when creating a connection.

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