golang template method

Golang is a fast, efficient and powerful programming language commonly used for web servers and large-scale data processing. Among them, the template method is a commonly used design pattern and a very useful method in development. In this article, we will introduce how to use template methods in Golang.

What is a template method?

The template method is a behavioral pattern that defines the basic framework of the algorithm, but the specific implementation details are determined by the subclass. The template method is suitable for scenarios where the same steps need to be performed but implemented differently.

The design pattern of template methods includes three roles:

1. Abstract Class (Abstract Class): defines template methods and declares abstract methods, which are implemented by subclasses.
2. Concrete Class (Concrete Class): implements the abstract method of the abstract class and completes its own business logic
3. Hook Method (Hook Method): defines the optional steps in the abstract class, which are determined by subclasses Decide whether to override this method.

Benefits of using template methods

The template method has the following advantages:

1. Reduce code duplication: The template method extracts the public parts into the abstract class, Subclasses only need to implement specific details
2. Improve code reusability: The template method defines the basic framework of the algorithm, and implements specific implementation methods through inheritance, resulting in high code reusability.
3. Simplify code maintenance: The template method design pattern reduces the coupling of the code by separating the specific implementation method and the basic framework of the algorithm, making the code easier to maintain.

How to use template methods in Golang

Using template methods in Golang requires the use of an embedded structure (Embedding Struct), which inherits another structure by embedding one structure. First let's create a Car interface for all vehicles in the template method pattern.

type Car interface {

Drive()

}

type AbstractCar struct {

car Car

}

func (ac *AbstractCar) Run( ) {

fmt.Println("before drive")
ac.car.Drive()
fmt.Println("after drive")

}

In this code, we define a Car interface, which contains a Drive method. This Drive method needs to be completed in the specific Car implementation. At the same time, we also defined an AbstractCar structure, which embeds the Car interface and implements the Run function of the template method.

We define another Toyota structure to implement the interface Car

type Toyota struct {}

func (t *Toyota) Drive() {

fmt.Println("Toyota is driving")

}

In this code, we define a Toyota structure, which contains a Drive method to implement the interface Car.

Now we can create an AbstractCar object, which specifically implements Toyota:

func main() {

toyota := &Toyota{}
abstractCar := &AbstractCar{
    car: toyota,
}
abstractCar.Run()

}

In this code, We create a Toyota object and then instantiate an AbstractCar object using this object as a parameter. Finally, the template method can be implemented by executing the Run method of AbstractCar.

When we run the program, the console output:

before drive
Toyota is driving
after drive

Therefore, we successfully implemented it using Golang Template method.

Application scenarios of the template method

The template method is suitable for the following scenarios:

1. When the algorithm process has been determined and this process needs to be shared among multiple subclasses.
2. When the implementation of some specific steps may be different in different subclasses (i.e., variation factors).
3. When it is necessary to control the scalability of subclasses and not allow subclasses to cover the backbone structure of the algorithm.

Summary

The template method is a common design pattern that can be easily implemented in Golang by embedding structures. Using the template method can reduce code duplication, improve code reusability, simplify code maintenance, etc. It is suitable for scenarios when the algorithm process has been determined and this process needs to be shared among multiple subclasses.

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