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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialHow to use PHP and MySQl to generate and read short URLs

PHP+MySQl实现短网址的生成和读取

常规的方案我们将生成好的短网址和原网址对应到一张数据表中,然后供读取使用。我们先来看如何生成唯一的短网址。

//生成短网址 
function code62($x){ 
  $show=''; 
  while($x>0){ 
    $s=$x % 62; 
    if ($s>35){ 
      $s=chr($s+61); 
    }elseif($s>9&&$s<=35){ 
      $s=chr($s+55); 
    } 
    $show.=$s; 
    $x=floor($x/62); 
  } 
  return $show; 
} 
function shorturl($url){ 
  $url=crc32($url); 
  $result=sprintf("%u",$url); 
  return code62($result); 
} 
echo shorturl(&#39;https://www.jb51.net/&#39;); 
//1EeIv2

使用以上PHP代码可以生成唯一的6位的短网址,然后我们将生成的短网址与原网址一起写入到MySQL表中,插入数据库的代码这里我就不写了,这是PHP基础。
接着,我们有一个link.php用来接收读取url并实现真实跳转。

include_once(&#39;connect.php&#39;); //连接数据库 
$url = $_GET[&#39;url&#39;]; 
if(isset($url) && !empty($url)){ 
  $sql = "select url from shorturl where codeid=&#39;$url&#39;"; 
  $query = mysql_query($sql); 
  if($row=mysql_fetch_array($query)){ 
    $real_url = $row[&#39;url&#39;]; 
    header(&#39;Location: &#39; . $real_url); 
  }else{ 
    header(&#39;HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found&#39;); 
    echo &#39;Unknown link.&#39;; 
  } 
}else{ 
  header(&#39;HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found&#39;); 
  echo &#39;Unknown link.&#39;; 
}

代码中,如果得到短网址对应的真实url,会使用header跳转到真实的页面上去,否则返回404代码。这样我们可以使用如: http://yourdomain/link.php?url=xxx来实现短网址访问。

继续,我们使用URL rewrite即重写功能来实现诸如可以通过地址:http://yourdomain/xxx 来访问。

以下是rewrite规则:

#Apache规则: 
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ /link.php?url=$1 [L] 
 
#如果使用nginx,规则这样写: 
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /link.php?url=$1 last;

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