HTML转义字符
HTML是一种用于创建网页的标记语言，其中包含了许多特殊的字符，例如“”等，这些字符在HTML中具有特定的语义。但是有些时候我们需要在文本中直接展示这些字符本身，而非其所代表的含义，此时就需要使用HTML转义字符。
HTML转义字符就是一种将HTML中特殊字符替换为它们对应的实体引用或十进制值或十六进制值的字符，例如“”可以转义为“>”。这样做的目的是为了避免特殊字符被解析成HTML标记或代码，从而产生错误或安全漏洞。
下面列举了一些常见的HTML转义字符：
字符 实体引用 十进制值 十六进制值
> > >& & & &
" " " "
' ' ' '
使用HTML转义字符的方式很简单，只需要将需要转义的字符用对应的实体引用、十进制值、或十六进制值替代即可。例如，我们可以在HTML文本中直接使用“
<pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'><html>
<body>
<p>这是一段使用<b>HTML</b>的文本</p>
</body>
</html>
其中，特殊字符“”都被转义为“”，避免了这些字符被解析为HTML标记或代码。
需要注意的是，不是所有的字符都需要转义，例如常见的英文字母、数字、常用标点符号等通常是不需要转义的，只有在包含特殊字符的情况下才需要进行转义处理。
除了常规的HTML转义字符，还有一些特殊用途的转义字符，例如换行符“
”可以使用“
”或“
”来代替，其中“
”表示换行，而“
”表示段落。另外，还有一些用于表情、符号等特殊情况的转义字符，例如心形符号“❤”可以用“
总之，使用HTML转义字符可以避免因特殊字符而引起的错误或安全漏洞，尤其在接受用户输入的场合更为重要。因此建议在HTML中使用HTML转义字符，以免出现不必要的问题。
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