How Springboot integrates Redis to achieve overselling problem

Oversold simple code

Write a simple and normal oversold logic code, and multiple users can operate the same piece of data at the same time to explore the problems that arise.

Store a piece of data information in Redis, request the corresponding interface, and obtain the product quantity information;
If the product quantity information is greater than 0, deduct 1 and re-store it in Redis;
Running code test problem .

/**
 * Redis数据库操作，超卖问题模拟
 * @author 
 *
 */
@RestController
public class RedisController {
	
	// 引入String类型redis操作模板
	@Autowired
	private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
 
 
	// 测试数据设置接口
	@RequestMapping("/setStock")
	public String setStock() {
		stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", "100");
		return "ok";
	}
	
	// 模拟商品超卖代码
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock")
	public String deductStock() {
		// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
		Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
		// 减库存
		if(stock > 0) {
			int realStock = stock -1;
			stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
			System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品："+realStock);
		}else {
			System.out.println("库存不足.....");
		}
		return "end";
	}
}

Oversold problem

In the case of single server and single application

In single application mode, use jmeter for stress testing.

Test results:

Each request is equivalent to one thread, When several threads get the data at the same time, thread A gets the inventory as 84. At this time, thread B also enters the program and seizes the CPU, accessing the inventory as 84. In the end, both threads decrement the inventory by one, resulting in the final modification as 83. In fact, one more item was sold

Since the data processing is inconsistent between threads, can we use synchronized to lock the test?

Set up synchronized

Still test a single server first

// 模拟商品超卖代码,
	// 设置synchronized同步锁
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock1")
	public String deductStock1() {
		synchronized (this) {
			// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
			Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
			// 减库存
			if(stock > 0) {
				int realStock = stock -1;
				stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
				System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品："+realStock);
			}else {
				System.out.println("库存不足.....");
			}
		}
		return "end";
	}

Quantity100

After re-testing, the log information obtained is as follows:

# In stand-alone mode, adding the synchronized keyword can indeed avoid the oversold phenomenon of products!

But in a distributed microservice, if a cluster is set up for the service, can synchronized still guarantee the correctness of the data?

Assuming that multiple requests are load balanced by the registration center, and the processing interface in each microservice is added with synchronized,

will still appear Similar oversold issues:

synchronizedOnly JVM for a single server Lock, but the distribution is many different servers, causing two or more threads to jointly operate the product quantity information on different servers!

---

Redis implements distributed lock

There is a command in Redis

setnx (set if not exists)

setnx key value

If the key does not exist, the setting can be successful; otherwise, the setting fails.

Modify the processing interface and add key

// 模拟商品超卖代码
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock2")
	public String deductStock2() {
		// 创建一个key，保存至redis
		String key = "lock";
		// setnx
		// 由于redis是一个单线程，执行命令采取“队列”形式排队！
		// 优先进入队列的命令先执行，由于是setnx，第一个执行后，其他操作执行失败。
		boolean result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "this is lock");
		// 当不存在key时，可以设置成功，回执true；如果存在key，则无法设置，返回false
		if (!result) {
			// 前端监测，redis中存在，则不能让这个抢购操作执行，予以提示！
			return "err";
		}
		
		// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
		Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
		// 减库存
		if(stock > 0) {
			int realStock = stock -1;
			stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
			System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品："+realStock);
		}else {
			System.out.println("库存不足.....");
		}
 
        // 程序执行完成，则删除这个key
		stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
 
		return "end";
	}

1. Request to enter the interface. If the key does not exist in redis, a new setnx will be created; if it exists, it will not It will be newly created and an error code will be returned at the same time, and the rush buying logic will not continue to be executed.

2. After the creation is successful, execute the snap-up logic.
3. After the rush purchase logic is executed, delete the
key corresponding to setnx in the database. Enables other requests to be set up and acted upon.

This logic is much more reasonable than using

syn alone before. However, if an exception occurs during the snap-up operation, this key cannot be used. delete. As a result, other processing requests have been unable to obtain key, and the program logic is deadlocked!

You can use try...finally to operate

/**
	 * 模拟商品超卖代码 设置
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock3")
	public String deductStock3() {
		// 创建一个key，保存至redis
		String key = "lock";
		// setnx
		// 由于redis是一个单线程，执行命令采取队列形式排队！优先进入队列的命令先执行，由于是setnx，第一个执行后，其他操作执行失败
		boolean result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "this is lock");
		// 当不存在key时，可以设置成功，回执true；如果存在key，则无法设置，返回false
		if (!result) {
			// 前端监测，redis中存在，则不能让这个抢购操作执行，予以提示！
			return "err";
		}
 
		try {
			// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
			Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
			// 减库存
			if (stock > 0) {
				int realStock = stock - 1;
				stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
				System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品：" + realStock);
			} else {
				System.out.println("库存不足.....");
			}
		} finally {
			// 程序执行完成，则删除这个key
			// 放置于finally中，保证即使上述逻辑出问题，也能del掉
			stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
		}
 
		return "end";
	}

This logic is more rigorous than the other logic above.

However, if a set of servers

downtime due to power outage, system crash, etc., the statements in finally that should be executed will not be successfully executed! ! It also appears that key always exists, resulting in deadlock!

Solve the above problem through timeout

After the setting is successful

setnx, and before the snap-up code logic is executed, increase the key time limit.

/**
	 * 模拟商品超卖代码 设置setnx保证分布式环境下，数据处理安全行问题；<br>
	 * 但如果某个代码段执行异常，导致key无法清理，出现死锁，添加try...finally;<br>
	 * 如果某个服务因某些问题导致释放key不能执行，导致死锁，此时解决思路为：增加key的有效时间;<br>
	 * 为了保证设置key的值和设置key的有效时间，两条命令构成同一条原子命令，将下列逻辑换成其他代码。
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock4")
	public String deductStock4() {
		// 创建一个key，保存至redis
		String key = "lock";
		// setnx
		// 由于redis是一个单线程，执行命令采取队列形式排队！优先进入队列的命令先执行，由于是setnx，第一个执行后，其他操作执行失败
		//boolean result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "this is lock");
 
		//让设置key和设置key的有效时间都可以同时执行
		boolean result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, "this is lock", 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
		// 当不存在key时，可以设置成功，回执true；如果存在key，则无法设置，返回false
		if (!result) {
			// 前端监测，redis中存在，则不能让这个抢购操作执行，予以提示！
			return "err";
		}
		// 设置key有效时间
		//stringRedisTemplate.expire(key, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
		try {
			// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
			Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
			// 减库存
			if (stock > 0) {
				int realStock = stock - 1;
				stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
				System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品：" + realStock);
			} else {
				System.out.println("库存不足.....");
			}
		} finally {
			// 程序执行完成，则删除这个key
			// 放置于finally中，保证即使上述逻辑出问题，也能del掉
			stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
		}
 
		return "end";
	}

But there will still be problems in the logic of the above code:

If there is a

timeout problem in the processing logic. When the logic is executed and the time exceeds the set key validity time, what problems will occur at this time?

From the above figure we can clearly see the problem:

If the execution time of a request exceeds the valid time of the key.
When a new request is executed, the key must be obtained and the time can be set;
The key saved in redis at this time is not the key of request 1, but set by other requests.
After the execution of request 1 is completed, the key is deleted here. What is deleted is the key set by other requests!

依然出现了key形同虚设的问题！如果失效一直存在，超卖问题依旧不会解决。

通过key设置值匹配的方式解决形同虚设问题 

既然出现key形同虚设的现象，是否可以增加条件，当finally中需要执行删除操作时，获取数据判断值是否是该请求中对应的，如果是则删除，不是则不管！

修改上述代码如下所示：

/**
	 * 模拟商品超卖代码 <br>
	 * 解决`deductStock6`中，key形同虚设的问题。
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock5")
	public String deductStock5() {
		// 创建一个key，保存至redis
		String key = "lock";
		String lock_value = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
		// setnx
		//让设置key和设置key的有效时间都可以同时执行
		boolean result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, lock_value, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
		// 当不存在key时，可以设置成功，回执true；如果存在key，则无法设置，返回false
		if (!result) {
			// 前端监测，redis中存在，则不能让这个抢购操作执行，予以提示！
			return "err";
		}
		try {
			// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
			Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
			// 减库存
			if (stock > 0) {
				int realStock = stock - 1;
				stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
				System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品：" + realStock);
			} else {
				System.out.println("库存不足.....");
			}
		} finally {
			// 程序执行完成，则删除这个key
			// 放置于finally中，保证即使上述逻辑出问题，也能del掉
 
			// 判断redis中该数据是否是这个接口处理时的设置的，如果是则删除
			if(lock_value.equalsIgnoreCase(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key))) {
				stringRedisTemplate.delete(key);
			}
		}
		return "end";
	}

由于获得锁的线程必须执行完减库存逻辑才能释放锁，所以在此期间所有其他的线程都会由于没获得锁，而直接结束程序，导致有很多库存根本没有卖出去，所以这里应该可以优化，让没获得锁的线程等待，或者循环检查锁 

---

最终版

我们将锁封装到一个实体类中，然后加入两个方法，加锁和解锁

@Component
public class RedisLock {
    private final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
 
    private final long acquireTimeout = 10*1000;    // 获取锁之前的超时时间(获取锁的等待重试时间)
    private final int timeOut = 20;   // 获取锁之后的超时时间(防止死锁)
 
    @Autowired
    private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;  // 引入String类型redis操作模板
 
    /**
     * 获取分布式锁
     * @return 锁标识
     */
    public boolean getRedisLock(String lockName,String lockValue) {
        // 1.计算获取锁的时间
        Long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + acquireTimeout;
        // 2.尝试获取锁
        while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
            //3. 获取锁成功就设置过期时间 让设置key和设置key的有效时间都可以同时执行
            boolean result = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lockName, lockValue, timeOut, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            if (result) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
 
 
    /**
     * 释放分布式锁
     * @param lockName 锁名称
     * @param lockValue 锁值
     */
    public void unRedisLock(String lockName,String lockValue) {
        if(lockValue.equalsIgnoreCase(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lockName))) {
            stringRedisTemplate.delete(lockName);
        }
    }
}

@RestController
public class RedisController {
	
	// 引入String类型redis操作模板
	@Autowired
	private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
	@Autowired
	private RedisLock redisLock;
 
 
	@RequestMapping("/setStock")
	public String setStock() {
		stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", "100");
		return "ok";
	}
 
	@RequestMapping("/deductStock")
	public String deductStock() {
		// 创建一个key，保存至redis
		String key = "lock";
		String lock_value = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
		try {
			boolean redisLock = this.redisLock.getRedisLock(key, lock_value);//获取锁
			if (redisLock)
			{
				// 获取Redis数据库中的商品数量
				Integer stock = Integer.parseInt(stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("stock"));
				// 减库存
				if (stock > 0) {
					int realStock = stock - 1;
					stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("stock", String.valueOf(realStock));
					System.out.println("商品扣减成功，剩余商品：" + realStock);
				} else {
					System.out.println("库存不足.....");
				}
			}
		} finally {
			redisLock.unRedisLock(key,lock_value);   //释放锁
		}
		return "end";
	}
}

可以看到失败的线程不会直接结束，而是会尝试重试，一直到重试结束时间，才会结束

---

实际上这个最终版依然存在3个问题

1、在finally流程中，由于是先判断在处理。如果判断条件结束后，获取到的结果为true。但是在执行del操作前，此时jvm在执行GC操作(为了保证GC操作获取GC roots根完全，会暂停java程序)，导致程序暂停。在GC操作完成并恢复后，执行del操作时，当前被加锁的key是否仍然存在？

2、问题如图所示

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