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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP之sprintf函数用法详解_PHP

本文实例讲述了PHP中sprintf函数的用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体用法分析如下:

sprintf()函数在php官方是说把字符串格式化输出了,本文就来给各位朋友介绍一下在学习sprintf()函数时的一些经验分享,希望能给大家带来帮助.

PHP函数 sprintf() 函数官方定义为:sprintf():把格式化的字符串写入一个变量中

语法为:sprintf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++);

参数:

format:必须,转换格式

arg1 :必须,规定插入 format 字符串中第一个%符号处的参数

arg1 :可选,规定插入 format 字符串中第二个%符号处的参数

arg1++:可选,规定插入 format 字符串中第三、四等%符号处的参数

参数 format 的转换格式,以百分比符号(%)开始到转换字符结束,下面是有可能的format值.

%% – 返回百分比符号

%b – 二进制数

%c – 依照 ASCII 值的字符

%d – 带符号十进制数

%e – 可续计数法(比如 1.5e+3)

%u – 无符号十进制数

%f – 浮点数(local settings aware)

%F – 浮点数(not local settings aware)

%o – 八进制数

%s – 字符串

%x – 十六进制数(小写字母)

%X – 十六进制数(大写字母)

下面是一些demo,代码如下:

代码如下:

// 1. %% :把 %% 替换成 % 
$str = '测试一下 %% 这个参数,会被替换成什么'; 
echo sprintf($str); 
//返回结果: 测试一下 % 这个参数,会被替换成什么(%%被替换成一个%) 

// 2. %b :该参数只能替换整型数据,如果是浮点型,只会取整数部分,会忽略小数点后面的数据。如果是非整型数据。返回 0 
$str = '参数 %b 会替换成二进制数'; 
$arg = '10'; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:参数 1010 会替换成二进制数 
$arg = 10.23; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:参数 1010 会替换成二进制数 
$arg = 'abc'; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:参数 0 会替换成二进制数 

// 3. %c 返回字符编码的ASCII码 
$arg = 65; 
$str =  "数字 {$arg} 对应的ASCII码为 %c "; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:数字 65 对应的ASCII码为 A 
 
// 4. %d 将一段字符里的%d替换成int型,数据要求同 $b 相同 
$str = 'ID号为 %d '; 
$arg = -3; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:ID号为 -3 
$arg = 4.5; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:ID号为 4 
$arg = 'abc'; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg); 
//返回结果:ID号为 0 
 
// 5. %s - 字符串 
$str = "这是用来测试的sprintf的字符串( %s )。今天消费了%f元。从钟楼到小寨有%d站。上班"; 
$arg = '%s'; 
echo sprintf($str,$arg,6,5); 
//返回结果:这是用来测试的sprintf的字符串( %s )。今天消费了6.000000元。从钟楼到小寨有5站。上班


至于其它的参数,大家可以试着测试一下.

下面说一下这个函数的一些用途,比如我们在对一张数据表所有数据做多个字段更新时,如果使用循环更新的话,那是很耗费资源的,这里就要用到我们sprintf()函数了.

在数据库批量更新时,我一般采用 case then when end 的语法来做,基本语法如:

代码如下:

UPDATA table 
    SET field = CASE id 
        WHEN 1 THEN 'value1' 
        WHEN 2 THEN 'value2' 
        WHEN 3 THEN 'value3' 
    END 
WHERE id IN (1,2,3)


上面的意思就是说,更新 table 设置 id = 1 的值为 value1, id = 2 的值为 value2 ,id = 3 的值为 value3,这样参数上面的函数将sql语句结合成这样SQL语句,只需一条SQL就可以进行批量更新,具体的方法为:

代码如下:

//比如 id 对应的值为以下数组 
$info = array(1=>'张三',2=>'李四',3=>'王五'); 
$ids = implode(',',array_keys($info)) //获取所有的ID字符串 
//组合SQL 
$sql = "UPDATA user SET username = CASE id"; 
foreach($info as $id=>$username){ 
     $sql .= sprintf("WHEN %d THEN %s",$id,$username); 

$sql .= "END WHERE id IN ($ids)"; 
// $model->query($sql)

上面就可以完成批量更新的操作,后面的 where子句确保只有3行数据执行.

希望本文所述对大家的PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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