golang uses garbled characters

In recent years, Go language (Golang) has become more and more widely used in the field of back-end development, but it is easy to encounter garbled characters during use. This article will explore the reasons and solutions for encountering garbled characters in Golang.

1. Causes of garbled code problem

1. Inconsistent encoding

Golang strings use UTF-8 encoding by default, but in some scenarios, such as reading and writing databases, reading When writing files, the encoding format may be inconsistent with UTF-8, resulting in garbled characters.

For example, when we read a gbk-encoded string from the database, if we output it directly in UTF-8, garbled characters will appear.

2. Character set matching

The character set matching problem in Golang can also lead to garbled characters. The Unicode character set contains characters from many languages, but if different character sets are used, character mismatches will occur, eventually leading to garbled characters.

For example, if we need to write a string with Chinese characters into a file with an English character set, garbled characters may appear.

2. Solution to the garbled code problem

1. Specify the encoding format

When reading external data and writing external data, we can specify the corresponding encoding format, This avoids coding inconsistencies. If we read the gbk encoded string in the database, we can convert it to a UTF-8 encoded string and output it, as shown below:

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/axgle/mahonia"
)
 
func main() {
    // gbk编码字符串
    str := "你好"
    // 转换为UTF-8编码字符串
    enc := mahonia.NewDecoder("gbk")
    result := enc.ConvertString(str)
    fmt.Println(result)
}

In this example, we use the third-party library "mahonia ", whose "NewDecoder" method can convert a string from one encoding format to another.

2. Use the "unicode/utf8" library

The "unicode/utf8" library provides many character set-related operations, which can easily handle character set matching issues. We can use the "utf8.RuneCountInString" method to get the number of characters in a string and avoid character set mismatches when comparing.

For example, when we need to write a string containing Chinese characters into a file with an English character set, we can first use the "utf8.RuneCountInString" method to get the number of characters in the string, and then use "io. WriteString" method to write, as shown below:

import (
    "io"
    "os"
    "unicode/utf8"
)
 
func main() {
    // 汉字字符串
    str := "你好"
    // 获取字符数量
    count := utf8.RuneCountInString(str)
    // 写入文件
    file, _ := os.OpenFile("test.txt", os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
    defer file.Close()
    for _, r := range str {
        io.WriteString(file, string(r))
    }
}

In this example, we use the "utf8.RuneCountInString" method to get the number of characters in "str", and when traversing the string, use " io.WriteString" method to write.

3. Use the "bufio" library

The "bufio" library provides the "Reader" and "Writer" types, which can read and write data from files or network connections, and can Specify the encoding format. Using the "bufio" library can also avoid the problem of inconsistent character sets, as shown below:

import (
    "bufio"
    "os"
)
 
func main() {
    // 打开文件
    file, _ := os.OpenFile("test.txt", os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
    defer file.Close()
    // 以GBK编码写入数据
    writer := bufio.NewWriter(file)
    writer.WriteString("你好")
    writer.Flush()
    // 读取以GBK编码存储的数据
    file, _ = os.Open("test.txt")
    defer file.Close()
    // 读取数据
    reader := bufio.NewReader(file)
    str, _, _ := reader.ReadLine()
    fmt.Println(string(str))
}

In this example, we use the "bufio" library for file writing and reading operations, and when writing The GBK encoding format is specified.

Conclusion

When using Golang for programming, we will encounter various coding problems, among which garbled characters are particularly common. This article introduces the causes and solutions to the garbled code problem, and hopes to be helpful to readers. In order to avoid the problem of garbled characters, we must pay special attention to the matching of encoding format and character set during the encoding process. If necessary, we can use the corresponding library to operate.

The above is the detailed content of golang uses garbled characters. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!