golang node transfer

The emergence of blockchain technology has made many people pay attention to and recognize this emerging field. As an implementation method of blockchain technology, the emergence of Bitcoin has made people begin to have an in-depth understanding of the working principles and application methods of blockchain. The transfer function of Bitcoin nodes is also recognized and used by more and more people.

So in this article, we will focus on how to use Go language programming to implement the Bitcoin node transfer function. Go language is a development language that is easy to learn, efficient and has strong concurrency support. It is suitable for developing applications such as distributed systems, web applications and network services.

Before we start to implement Bitcoin node transfers, we need to understand some basic concepts and technologies, including the working principle of the Bitcoin network and the role of nodes, the generation and processing of Bitcoin addresses, and the structure of Bitcoin transactions. and signature etc. We will not give a detailed introduction here. Interested readers can learn about relevant information and literature, or refer to the implementation of the Bitcoin core code.

Next, we will use a simple sample program to demonstrate how to use Go language to implement Bitcoin node transfer.

1. Configure Bitcoin network connection

First, we need to connect to the Bitcoin network and establish an RPC connection so that we can communicate with The Bitcoin network communicates. Bitcoin nodes provide services to the outside world through the JSON-RPC interface, and use RPC username and password as authentication. We can establish a connection through RPC username and password:

package main
 
import(
  "fmt"
  "github.com/go-errors/errors"
  "github.com/btcsuite/btcd/rpcclient"
)
func connect() (*rpcclient.Client, error) {
  //设置 RPC 用户名和密码
  rpcuser := "rpcuser"
  rpcpass := "rpcpassword"
  //设置比特币网络 IP 地址和端口
  rc, err:=rpcclient.New(&rpcclient.ConnConfig{
     Host: "localhost:8332",
     User: rpcuser,
     Pass: rpcpass,
     HTTPPostMode: true,
     DisableTLS: true,
  }, nil)
  if err != nil{
    return nil, errors.Wrap(err, 1)
  }
   return rc, nil
}

2. Create Bitcoin transaction

Next, we need to create a Bitcoin transaction that is used to transfer a certain amount of Bitcoins from the sender address to the receiver address. After establishing the RPC connection, we can use the CreateRawTransaction function to create a Bitcoin transaction. This function accepts two parameters, one is the input transaction and the other is the output transaction. An input transaction refers to the transaction from which Bitcoins are to be withdrawn, while an output transaction refers to the new address to which Bitcoins are sent. Before creating the transaction, we also need to query existing Bitcoin transactions so that we can determine the precise amount entered.

func createTransaction(rc *rpcclient.Client, sends []string, recvs []string, amt float64) ([]byte, error) {
  var inputs []rpcclient.TransactionInput
  var amount float64
    //遍历每个发送地址，以便查找每个地址上的余额
  for _, send := range sends{
    bal, err := rc.GetReceivedByAddress(send, 0)
    if err != nil{
      return nil, errors.Wrap(err, 1)
    }
    amt, _ := strconv.ParseFloat(fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", bal), 64)
    amount += amt
    //添加输入地址和相关金额到交易中
    input := rpcclient.TransactionInput{
      //获取该地址上未花费的交易
      Txid:"Hash of the transaction this output came from",
      //设置交易中的输出索引
      Vout:index_in_the_list_of_vouts,
    }
    inputs = append(inputs, input)
  }
  var outputs []rpcclient.TransactionOutput
  //遍历所需要发起转账的地址和相关转账金额
  for _, recv := range recvs{
    out := rpcclient.TransactionOutput{
      //设置接收地址
      Address:recv.Address,
      //设置接收地址对应的金额
      Amount:btcutil.Amount(recv.Amount).ToBTC(),
    }
    outputs = append(outputs, out)
  }
   //发送地址与接收地址之间的手续费
  fees := float64(0.001)
  //计算总输入金额和总输出金额
  inAmt := fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", amount)
  outAmt := fmt.Sprintf("%.8f", amt+fees)
  //创建比特币交易
  txHash, err := rc.CreateRawTransaction(inputs, outputs)
  if err != nil{
    return nil, errors.Wrap(err, 1)
  }
  return txHash, nil
}

3. Signed Bitcoin Transaction

After creating a Bitcoin transaction, we need to sign the transaction so that Bitcoin nodes can verify the authenticity of the transaction. We can use the SignRawTransaction function to sign Bitcoin transactions. This function accepts three parameters, namely the transaction that needs to be signed, the input transaction, and its key.

func signTransaction(rc *rpcclient.Client, txHash []byte, sends []string) (*rpcclient.BuildRawTransactionResult, error) {
  var signals []rpcclient.RawTxInput
  //遍历每个发送地址，并建立输入交易，生成用于签名的私钥
  for _, send := range sends{
  //建立用于签名的私钥，并生成输入交易
  privKey, _ := btcutil.DecodeWIF(sendPrivatekey.WIF)
  sig, err := rc.SignRawTransactionWithKey(txHash,[]btcutil.PrivateKey{privKey})
    if err != nil{
      return nil, errors.Wrap(err, 1)
    }
    input := rpcclient.RawTxInput{
      //获取该地址未花费的交易
      Txid:"Hash of the transaction this output came from",
      //设置该交易输出的索引
      Vout:index_in_the_list_of_vouts,
      //获取该地址的解锁脚本
      ScriptPubKey:[]byte{},
      //设置签名脚本
      ScriptSig:[]byte{},
    }
    signals = append(signals, input)
  }
  //签名交易
  signedTx, err := rc.SignRawTransaction(txHash, signals)
  if err != nil {
    return nil, errors.Wrap(err, 1)
  }
  return signedTx, nil
}

4. Send Bitcoin Transaction

Finally, we need to broadcast the Bitcoin transaction to the Bitcoin network and wait for the Bitcoin network nodes to confirm the transaction. We can send transactions to Bitcoin network nodes using the SendRawTransaction function, which returns the uploaded transaction hash.

func sendTransaction(rc *rpcclient.Client, signedTx *rpcclient.BuildRawTransactionResult) (string, error) {
  //发送比特币交易
  txHash, err := rc.SendRawTransaction(signedTx.Hex)
  if err != nil{
    return "", errors.Wrap(err, 1)
  }
  return txHash, nil
}

Through the implementation of the above four functions, we can write a complete Bitcoin transfer program and quickly implement the Bitcoin node transfer function through the Go language. Although the Bitcoin transfer program seems simple, the confidentiality and network protocols behind it are very complex, requiring us to have a deeper understanding of the working principles and usage of Bitcoin. If you want to learn more about blockchain technology, especially the implementation and usage of Bitcoin, it is recommended that you refer to more materials and literature, and gradually understand the implementation of Bitcoin core code.

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