Beginner’s Guide to PHP: Socket Programming

PHP Getting Started Guide: Socket Programming

Socket programming refers to a way of communicating on a computer network. Through Socket programming, we can implement many types of network applications, such as chat rooms, networks Games, Internet calls, etc. In the field of Web development, Socket programming also plays a very important role, such as realizing real-time communication, push messages and other functions. In this way, we can make Web applications more colorful and interactive.

PHP is a very popular web development language and also has good support for Socket programming functions. In this article, we will introduce the basic knowledge of Socket programming in PHP, including the concept of Socket, Socket types, Socket creation and connection, Socket sending and receiving, and other operations.

What is Socket?

Socket is an abstract concept, usually used to represent a connection method between two computers on the network, and can be used for data transmission and communication. Through Socket programming, we can establish a network connection based on the TCP/IP protocol, allowing two-way data transmission between two computers.

Types of Socket

In Socket programming, there are two types of Socket: streaming Socket (SOCK_STREAM) and datagram Socket (SOCK_DGRAM).

Streaming Socket is a connection-oriented Socket, which is reliable and efficient and can be used to transmit large amounts of data. In a streaming Socket, data is transmitted in sequence, and each data packet is confirmed by the sender to ensure that the data is sent and received correctly.

Datagram Socket is a connectionless Socket, which has the characteristics of fast and low latency, and is suitable for scenarios where a small amount of data needs to be transmitted quickly. In a datagram Socket, data is sent and received independently, and there is no problem with data order. However, you need to pay attention to whether the data can be received and decoded correctly.

Creation and connection of Socket

In PHP, we can create a Socket through the socket_create function. This function needs to pass three parameters: domain, type and protocol, which respectively represent the protocol type of the Socket. , type and protocol version.

For example, to create a streaming Socket of TCP/IP protocol type, you can use the following code:

$socket = socket_create(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, SOL_TCP);

After creating the Socket, we need to bind the Socket's address and port through the socket_bind function. For example, to bind a Socket with address localhost and port 80, you can use the following code:

$address = '127.0.0.1';
$port = 80;
socket_bind($socket, $address, $port);

After binding, we can listen to the Socket and connect through the socket_listen function, for example:

socket_listen($socket);
$client = socket_accept($socket);

Among them, the socket_accept function means waiting for a connection request and returns a connection socket through which we can transmit and communicate data.

Socket sending and receiving

After the Socket connection is established, we can send data through the socket_write function, for example:

$data = 'Hello World!';
socket_write($client, $data, strlen($data));

In the above code, $client represents the connection socket interface, $data represents the data to be sent, and strlen($data) represents the length of the data.

After the data is sent, we can receive the data through the socket_read function, for example:

$data = socket_read($client, 1024);

In the above code, $client indicates the connection socket, and 1024 indicates that a maximum of 1024 can be read at a time. Bytes of data.

It should be noted that in Socket programming, the sending and receiving of data is usually blocking, that is, the program will wait for the other party's data to be sent or received before continuing to execute.

Summary

This article introduces the basic knowledge of Socket programming in PHP, including the concept of Socket, types of Socket, creation and connection of Socket, sending and receiving of Socket and other operations. Socket programming is a very important technology in Web development. In this way, we can achieve some more colorful functions and interactivity.

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