How to separate reading and writing in laravel

Laravel is a popular PHP framework that provides many powerful features and tools to develop and maintain web applications. One of the key features is the separation of database read and write. This article will introduce how to implement read and write separation in Laravel applications.

What is read-write separation?

In traditional application design, the application typically sends all database operations to a single database server. This means that both reading and writing data need to be done through the same database server. In high-traffic applications, this can cause excessive load on the database server, resulting in poor performance. Therefore, one solution is to introduce database read and write separation.

Database read-write separation is a way to separate read operations from write operations. Typically, applications send read operations to the master database server and write operations to the slave database server. In this way, under high concurrency conditions, the database server no longer bears all the read and write loads, thereby improving performance and scalability.

Why do we need to separate database read and write?

In high-traffic applications, database operations are a very time-consuming process. Moreover, if the database server becomes a bottleneck, the performance of the entire application will degrade. Database read-write splitting improves performance and scalability by offloading read operations to one or more slave servers in addition to the master database server.

How to achieve separation of reading and writing?

In a Laravel application, read-write separation can be enabled by making changes to the database configuration. The following are some steps:

1. Configuring the database connection

In the config/database.php file, you can find configuration information about the database connection. Here, you can define the connection parameters of the master database server:

'connections' => [
  'mysql' => [
      'driver'      => 'mysql',
      'host'        => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
      'database'    => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
      'username'    => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
      'password'    => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
      'charset'     => 'utf8mb4',
      'collation'   => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'      => '',
      'strict'      => false,
      'engine'      => null,
  ],
],

2. Add a slave connection

To enable read-write separation, you need to add a slave connection. A slave connection can be created by copying the same parameters as the master connection, just changing the connection's hostname and credentials.

'connections' => [
  'mysql' => [
      'driver'      => 'mysql',
      'host'        => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
      'database'    => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
      'username'    => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
      'password'    => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
      'charset'     => 'utf8mb4',
      'collation'   => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'      => '',
      'strict'      => false,
      'engine'      => null,
  ],

  'mysql_read' => [
      'driver'      => 'mysql',
      'host'        => env('DB_READ_HOST', 'localhost'),
      'database'    => env('DB_READ_DATABASE', 'forge'),
      'username'    => env('DB_READ_USERNAME', 'forge'),
      'password'    => env('DB_READ_PASSWORD', ''),
      'charset'     => 'utf8mb4',
      'collation'   => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'      => '',
      'strict'      => false,
      'engine'      => null,
  ],
],

3. Configuring database service

You can define the name of the database service and the configuration information of the slave server in the config/database.php file. Here, you can use an array to define multiple slave servers, each with its own hostname and credentials.

'connections' => [
  'mysql' => [
      'driver'      => 'mysql',
      'host'        => env('DB_HOST', 'localhost'),
      'database'    => env('DB_DATABASE', 'forge'),
      'username'    => env('DB_USERNAME', 'forge'),
      'password'    => env('DB_PASSWORD', ''),
      'charset'     => 'utf8mb4',
      'collation'   => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'      => '',
      'strict'      => false,
      'engine'      => null,
  ],

  'mysql_read' => [
      'driver'      => 'mysql',
      'host'        => env('DB_READ_HOST', 'localhost'),
      'database'    => env('DB_READ_DATABASE', 'forge'),
      'username'    => env('DB_READ_USERNAME', 'forge'),
      'password'    => env('DB_READ_PASSWORD', ''),
      'charset'     => 'utf8mb4',
      'collation'   => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
      'prefix'      => '',
      'strict'      => false,
      'engine'      => null,
  ],
],

'service' => [
  'mysql' => [
      'write' => 'mysql',
      'read'  => [
          'mysql_read',
      ],
  ],
],

4. Select a slave server

In the application, you can select one from multiple slave servers using:

// 获取读取的模型
$model = new Post;

// 从所有从服务器中随机选择一个
$results = $model->on('mysql_read')->inRandomOrder()->get();

Or you can use The following method is used to manually select a slave server:

// 获取读取的模型
$model = new Post;

// 手动选择第一个从服务器
$config = config('database.connections.mysql_read');
$conn = DB::connection('mysql_read');
$conn->setPdo($conn->createConnector($config)->connect());
$results = $model->setConnection($conn)->inRandomOrder()->get();

Summary

Configuring read and write separation can distribute read operations in the application to the slave server, thereby improving the performance and availability of the application. Scalability. In a Laravel application, the method to achieve read-write separation is simple. You only need to change the database connection configuration and add a slave connection. Slave servers can then be selected using the query builder and Eloquent ORM.

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