Git is a very powerful version control tool. After years of development, it has now become the most familiar and used version control system for developers around the world. Among them, the log command is a very important command in Git. It can be used to view and record the historical versions of the code base, and can also be used to track and locate code problems. This article will introduce you how to implement Git log.
1. Basic usage of the log command
Before formally introducing how to implement Git's log, we need to first understand the basic usage of the log command. Specifically, the basic syntax of the log command is as follows:
$ git log [options] [commit]
Among them, options
are optional, used to specify some specific parameters of the log command, such as output format, filtering conditions, etc. . commit
is an optional parameter, used to specify the historical records after which version number to query. If the commit
parameter is not specified, the log command will display all commit records by default, from the latest version to the oldest version.
For example, suppose we execute the following command:
$ git log
Then Git will output all submission records in the default way, including the submitter, submission time, and submission information of the code base and other information.
2. Advanced usage of log command
In addition to the basic log command syntax, we can also implement more sophisticated log query and analysis through some advanced usage. Specifically, the following are some common advanced uses of the log command:
- Display commit records between specified versions
If we only want to view a certain time period or Commit records between one version and another version can use the <since>..<until></until></since>
syntax.
For example, if we want to view the submission history from version number d6fd0b7e to version number 13afbf57, we can use the following command:
$ git log d6fd0b7e..13afbf57
- Only display the submission record of a certain file
Sometimes, we only need to view the submission history of a specific file, rather than the submission history of the entire code base. This requirement can be achieved with the help of the --follow
parameter. Specifically, the function of this parameter is to display all commit information after a file is renamed.
For example, if we want to view the submission history of the file README.md, we can execute the following command:
$ git log --follow README.md
- Filter submission history by submitter
Sometimes, we only care about the historical version information submitted by a specific developer. For example, we need to view the submission history of a certain developer during code review. At this point, we can use the --author
parameter to filter submission records. Specifically, the purpose of this parameter is to only display submission information that meets the specified author conditions.
For example, if we only want to view all historical records submitted by developer Tom, we can execute the following command:
$ git log --author=Tom
- Change the output format of the log command
By default, the log command will output certain basic information, but if we need to output more detailed or specific information, we can do so by changing the output format. In Git, there is a --pretty
parameter that can be used to change the output format.
For example, by specifying the --pretty=format:
parameter, we can change the output format so that Git only displays the specified information, such as submission ID, submission time, submission description, etc. Specifically, here are some common output formats:
-
%H
: Displays the full hash of the commit; -
%h
: Displays the short hash of the submission; -
%an
: The submitter’s name; -
�
: The submitter’s email Address; -
%at
: submission time (UNIX timestamp format); -
%ar
: submission time (relative time format, such as " 2 hours ago"); -
%s
: Submission instructions.
For example, if we only want to display the ID, submitter, timestamp, and submission description of each submission record, we can execute the following command:
$ git log --pretty=format:"%H - %an - %at - %s"
- to Graphically display the submission history
If we need to display the submission history in a clearer graphical way, we can use the --graph
parameter. The function of this parameter is to graphically display the version tree and branch information, allowing users to more easily understand the branch information of each submission and the branch merge status.
For example, if we want to graphically display the last 50 submission records, we can execute the following command:
$ git log --graph -n 50
3. Summary
Through the introduction of this article, We learned the basic usage and some advanced usage of Git log command. The Log command is a very important tool in Git. It can be used to view and record the historical versions of the code base, and can also be used to track and locate code problems. In actual development, it is often necessary to use the log command for version tracking and problem location, so mastering the log command is very necessary.
The above is the detailed content of How to implement git log. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Git and GitHub are not the same thing: Git is a distributed version control system, and GitHub is an online platform based on Git. Git helps developers manage code versions and achieve collaboration through branching, merge and other functions; GitHub provides code hosting, review, problem management and social interaction functions, enhancing Git's collaboration capabilities.

After installing Git, in order to use more efficiently, the following settings are required: Set user information (name and mailbox) Select text editor Set external merge tool Generate SSH key settings Ignore file mode

Resolve: When Git download speed is slow, you can take the following steps: Check the network connection and try to switch the connection method. Optimize Git configuration: Increase the POST buffer size (git config --global http.postBuffer 524288000), and reduce the low-speed limit (git config --global http.lowSpeedLimit 1000). Use a Git proxy (such as git-proxy or git-lfs-proxy). Try using a different Git client (such as Sourcetree or Github Desktop). Check for fire protection

Causes of slow Git downloads include poor network connections, Git server problems, large files or large submissions, Git configuration issues, insufficient computer resources, and other factors such as malware. Workarounds include improving network connectivity, adjusting firewall settings, avoiding downloading unnecessary files or submissions, optimizing Git configuration, providing adequate computer resources, and scanning and removing malware.

How to update local Git code? Use git fetch to pull the latest changes from the remote repository. Merge remote changes to the local branch using git merge origin/<remote branch name>. Resolve conflicts arising from mergers. Use git commit -m "Merge branch <Remote branch name>" to submit merge changes and apply updates.

Steps to update git code: Check out code: git clone https://github.com/username/repo.git Get the latest changes: git fetch merge changes: git merge origin/master push changes (optional): git push origin master

You can delete a Git branch through the following steps: 1. Delete the local branch: Use the git branch -d <branch-name> command; 2. Delete the remote branch: Use the git push <remote-name> --delete <branch-name> command; 3. Protected branch: Use git config branch. <branch-name>.protected true to add the protection branch settings.

Git code merge process: Pull the latest changes to avoid conflicts. Switch to the branch you want to merge. Initiate a merge, specifying the branch to merge. Resolve merge conflicts (if any). Staging and commit merge, providing commit message.


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